Oral dirofilariasis

Desai, RS; Pai, N; Nehete, AP; Singh, JS

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.167342

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In most cases, the nodules develop subcutaneously [1, 8, 48, 63, 93, 108, 111, 116, 138, 158, 212, 223–228]. Nodules have been reported in various human body areas and tissues, mostly in the superficial tissues of the facial regions [1, 8], as perioral and periorbital tissues [107, 167, 224, 226, 227, 229–234], forehead [235], skin of the lower leg [93], soft tissues of the hand [236] or finger [93], subcutaneous tissue of the hypogastrium [93] and of the neck [237]. Other predilection sites are scrotum and testicles and, to a lesser extent, the breasts of women [1, 8, 65, 223, 235, 238–245].…”

Section: Human Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

et al. 2018

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Dirofilaria repens is a nematode affecting domestic and wild canids, transmitted by several species of mosquitoes. It usually causes a non-pathogenic subcutaneous infection in dogs and is the principal agent of human dirofilariosis in the Old World. In the last decades, D. repens has increased in prevalence in areas where it has already been reported and its distribution range has expanded into new areas of Europe, representing a paradigmatic example of an emergent pathogen. Despite its emergence and zoonotic impact, D. repens has received less attention by scientists compared to Dirofilaria immitis. In this review we report the recent advances of D. repens infection in dogs and humans, and transmission by vectors, and discuss possible factors that influence the spread and increase of this zoonotic parasite in Europe. There is evidence that D. repens has spread faster than D. immitis from the endemic areas of southern Europe to northern Europe. Climate change affecting mosquito vectors and the facilitation of pet travel seem to have contributed to this expansion; however, in the authors’ opinion, the major factor is likely the rate of undiagnosed dogs continuing to perpetuate the life-cycle of D. repens. Many infected dogs remain undetected due to the subclinical nature of the disease, the lack of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools and the poor knowledge and still low awareness of D. repens in non-endemic areas. Improved diagnostic tools are warranted to bring D. repens diagnosis to the state of D. immitis diagnosis, as well as improved screening of imported dogs and promotion of preventative measures among veterinarians and dog owners. For vector-borne diseases involving pets, veterinarians play a significant role in prevention and should be more aware of their responsibility in reducing the impact of the zoonotic agents. In addition, they should enhance multisectorial collaboration with medical entomologists and the public health experts, under the concept and the actions of One Health-One Medicine.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3205-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Human Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

et al. 2018

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“…A number of macroscopic and microscopic morphological distinguishing features can help in distinguishing D. repens from D. immitis . [214]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the forty species of Diroflaria , six species namely D. immitis, D. repens, Diroflaria striata, Diroflaria tenuis, Diroflaria ursi and Diroflaria spectans are known to cause diseases in humans. [2] In India, D. repens is found to be the most common pathogen causing human subcutaneous dirofilariasis resulting in a granulomatous nodule. [1]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human oral dirofilariasis

et al. 2018

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Zoonotic filarial infections particularly dirofilariasis have been reported worldwide. The route of transmission to human beings is vector-borne through mosquitoes. Increased mosquito activity subsequent to global warming has influenced the transmission of dirofilarial infection in many geographic regions, including Asia. Dirofilariasis presents as mucocutaneous and pulmonary infections. Dirofilarial infections rarely manifest in the oral and perioral region and can pose to be a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. We report the first case of oral dirofilariasis in Goa, India.

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“…Subcutaneous nodules can occur in any part of the body but are most frequently detected on the face, neck, eyelid, chest, back, and scrotum [1], [3], [6]. Rarely, the parasite could be located/present in the buccal mucosa, liver, spermatic cord and abdomen [6], [7]. The disease is prevalent in tropic climates, with a tendency of spreading to moderate climate regions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis in Female Pubic Region - Case Report

Djaković¹,

Leniček²,

Beck³

et al. 2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Number of reported cases of human dirofilariasis in the last couple of decades has been increasing. Dogs are the main reservoir hosts, while various mosquito species represent/serve as vectors. Human infections are caused by two different parasites: Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Dirofilaria repens is currently considered to be one of the most rapidly-spreading human and animal parasite species in Europe. Clinical features are characterised by subcutaneous or ocular lesions which can persist for months without any symptoms. The disease is considered to be endemic in Mediterranean countries, central Asia, Israel, and Sri Lanka with increased incidence in Central and East Europe. Apart from the local population, tourists are also susceptible to this disease. Export of domestic animals can transfer parasites between different countries. This disease is rare in Croatia. CASE PRESENTATION: We are presenting a case of a 58-year-old female patient with dirofilariasis of the genital region caused by Dirofilaria repens, confirmed with PCR and sequencing. CONCLUSION: From the clinician point of view, subcutaneous dirofilariasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of long-lasting subcutaneous swellings.

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Oral dirofilariasis

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

Human oral dirofilariasis

Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis in Female Pubic Region - Case Report

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