Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis in Female Pubic Region - Case Report

Djaković, Ivka; Leniček, Tanja; Beck, Relja; Kraljević, Zdenko; Kuna, Krunoslav; Butorac, Dražan

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.034

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Adult worms produce microfilariae that are present in the peripheral blood from which they are ingested by mosquitoes, thus creating the infection chain. Although dirofilariosis is a neglected parasitic disease considered as sporadic, its actual incidence constitutes a global health problem 24,34,35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of RGB trichrome staining to the study of human parasites

Gonzalez-Luna

Gaytán

2022

Preprint

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Human parasitic infections are major contributors to global disease load, compromising the human life and resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, many parasitic diseases have been neglected and little investigated in western medicine. Although recently developed molecular techniques have revolutionized the taxonomy of parasites and the parasitic disease diagnosis, histopathology still remains a powerfull tool for the analysis of parasitic diseases, allowing direct observation of the parasite thus providing information about the morphological features of the parasite ifself, and revealing tissue alterations at the parasite-host interface. The recently developed RGB trichrome (acronym for the primary dye components, picrosirius Red, fast Green, and alcian Blue) stains the main components of the extracellular matrix, specifically collagens and proteoglycans. We have applied the RGB tricrome staining to human tissues infected by the main three classes of human parasites: Protozoa (Leishmania donovanii and Toxoplasma gondii), helminths (Trichinella spiralis, Enterobius vermicularis, Dirofilaria spp. and Echinococcus granulosus) and ectoparasites (Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis). Trichrome stain results in detailed staining of the parasite microanatomical structure, and highlights host tissue alterations such as granulomatous inflammation, immune cell infiltrate, or increased amount of collagen as a sign of parasite-induced fibrosis. Yet, the use of RGB trichrome, as a complement of hematoxylin and eosin staining, provides additional valuable information to assess parasitic infection histopathology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of RGB trichrome staining to the study of human parasites

Gonzalez-Luna

Gaytán

2022

Preprint

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“…The bibliography search retrieved 16 articles reporting on 27 cases of human dirofilariasis in Croatia [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ]. The first published article was printed in 1996, and the last in 2019, with the highest rate of published cases in 2015 ( N = 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N – number; d. – dirofilariasis; Sc – subcutaneous; O – ocular; G – genital; M – mammary; R – repens ; I – immitis . Epidemiological characteristics Coastal Croatia Continental Croatia All Croatia References Mosquito species (N) ⁎ 25–27 20–32 53 [ [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ] Canine d. prevalence (%) 8–30.5 15.5–47.3 8–47.3 [ [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] ] Human d. reports (N) ⁎⁎ 7 10 17 [ 16 , 22 , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [23] , [24] , [25] ] Human d. cases (N) 14 16 30 Form Sc:O:G:M (N) 10:2:1:1 3:10:3 13:12:5 Species R : I (N) 14:0 16:0 30:0 ⁎ Croatian mosquito fauna comprises eight genera: Anopheles , Aedes , Ochlerotatus , Culex , Culiseta , Coquillettidia , Orth...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow

et al. 2020

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Introduction Human dirofilariasis is a disease historically linked to the Mediterranean area. For the last few decades, however, Dirofilaria nematodes have been spreading, both in terms of prevalence and the geographical expansion in non-endemic areas. Currently, cases of human dirofilariasis are recorded in more than 40 countries worldwide. Croatia is considered an endemic area of the Adriatic basin. Methods In a nationwide investigation, new and previously published cases of human dirofilariasis in Croatia were analyzed. Results Since 1996, 30 cases of human dirofilariosis were reported in Croatia. A total of 14 (46,67%) cases were from the coastal and 16 (53,33%) from continental regions of the country. Based on anatomical location, 13 (43,33%) cases were subcutaneous, 12 (40%) were ocular and five (16,67%) occurred in the reproductive organs. In all 30 cases, Dirofilaria repens was identified as the causative agent. Conclusions An increase in air temperature as climate change, changes in mosquito fauna, high prevalence of D. repens in dogs and limited use of chemoprophylaxis are possible risk factors for Dirofilaria infection in the Croatian population. Since reporting to epidemiological services is not mandatory in this country, the real number of human dirofilariasis cases is probably significantly higher than published. This emphasizes the need for mandatory reporting of human cases and surveillance of Dirofilaria infection in dogs and mosquitoes in Croatia, following the “One Health” concept.

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“…In addition, it can cause obstruction of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, difficulty breathing and pneumonia [ 4 ]. Heartworm is considered endemic in many countries in Asia, Europe and also in Brazil [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The reports found indicate parasitism in canids [ 19 ], cats [ 20 , 21 ], foxes [ 22 ], coyotes [ 23 ], pandas [ 24 ], bobcats [ 25 ] and humans [ 26 , 27 ] and the parasitism in subcutaneous were reported in cats by some authors [ 21 , 28 ], not registered in the state of Espírito Santo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare case of Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) and Dirofilaria sp. (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Vidal

Silveira²,

Martins

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Dioctophyme renale is the largest parasitic nematode of animals. It is most often found in the right kidney, but can also occur in the urinary system, ears, free abdominal cavity, mammary gland, thoracic cavity, and more rarely in subcutaneous tissue. The genus Dirofilaria has specific parasitic characteristics according to its location, and may parasitize the respiratory tract or even the skin, varying according to species. This report describes a case of Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. An adult male mongrel cat showed physical enlargement in the left inguinal region, diagnosed as a subcutaneous nodule. Surgical excision and histopathological evaluation of the nodule were performed, and Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. were found inside. Dioctophymosis and heartworm disease are present in Brazil and most other countries, but this is the unprecedented case of the association of Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat.

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Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis in Female Pubic Region - Case Report

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Application of RGB trichrome staining to the study of human parasites

Application of RGB trichrome staining to the study of human parasites

The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow

Rare case of Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) and Dirofilaria sp. (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat in Espírito Santo, Brazil

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