Oral Contraceptives and Cervical Cancer

Andolsek, L; Kovacic, J; Kozuh, M; Litt, B

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91190-x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In relation to invasive cervical cancer (table IV), most published studies [3 cohort (Andolsek et al 1983;RCGP 1974;Vessey et al 1976) and 5 casecontrol (Brinton et al 1986;Celentano et al 1987;Irwin et al 1988;La Vecchia et al 1986;WHO 1985)] found an elevated risk among oral contraceptive users. The overall relative risk estimate was 1.2 for case-control studies, and in 2 of 3 cohort studies all invasive cancers (13 and 6, respectively) were registered among users.…”

Section: Cervical Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Oral Contraceptive Use, Cancer and Vascular Disease

et al. 1990

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An overview of the available epidemiological evidence on the connection between oral contraceptives and cancer or vascular disease is presented, including the observation that epidemiological studies have produced important indications for changing both the composition and prescription patterns of oral contraceptives to avoid a large proportion of vascular side effects. Further, the evidence is remarkably clear and consistent in relation to the elevated risks of cervical neoplasms and, although based on a limited number of small studies, of primary liver cancer; protection against endometrial and ovarian cancers up to middle age; and the absence of association with malignant melanoma. There are still uncertainties regarding breast cancer, mainly related to the role of time factors, and the potential persisting risk related to long term use at younger age: published studies, in fact, show elevated risks for long term use in women below age 35 or perhaps up to age 45, but no evidence of association in middle age. Since breast cancer and ovarian cancer account for most of the mortality burden in women up to age 50 or 55 in developed countries, a clarification of the risk relationship for these 2 neoplasms will determine most of the quantitative evaluation on positive or adverse effects of oral contraceptives. The impact of other neoplasms and of cardiovascular disease, on the basis of current oral contraceptive composition, is comparatively limited, if not negligible.

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Section: Cervical Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Oral Contraceptive Use, Cancer and Vascular Disease

et al. 1990

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“…Similar increases in risk of largely intraepithelial neoplasms with duration of use have been observed in four previous studies.4 5 8 10 Furthermore, recent results from three prospective studies have shown an increase in risk, particularly for invasive cervical cancer, in users of oral contraceptives. '°2 3 24 In view of the methodological advantages of the present investigation and the fact that it was of invasive disease these findings plus our own cannot readily be dismissed as spurious. Their implications for women currently using oral contraception, however, are uncertain because they are based in part on exposure to preparations that contained higher doses of oestrogens and progestogens than many products now in use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Invasive cervical cancer and combined oral contraceptives. WHO collaborative study of neoplasia and steroid contraceptives.

1985

BMJ

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A multicentre, hospital based case-control study is being conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organisation to determine whether steroid contraceptives alter the risk of gynaecological, breast, and hepatic neoplasms. Preliminary results, largely from developing countries, on the relation between combined oral contraceptives and invasive cervical carcinoma showed a relative risk of 1-19 (95% confidence interval 0-99-1 44) in women who had ever used oral contraceptives. The risk increased with duration of use, giving a relative risk of 1-53 after five years. This finding supports a causal interpretation, but it could also be due to incomplete control for confounding sexual variables and other sources of bias.

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Female Hormones: For which Cancers do They Matter ?

Franceschi

1991

Causation and Prevention of Human Cancer

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Oral Contraceptives and Cervical Cancer

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

The Relationship Between Oral Contraceptive Use, Cancer and Vascular Disease

The Relationship Between Oral Contraceptive Use, Cancer and Vascular Disease

Invasive cervical cancer and combined oral contraceptives. WHO collaborative study of neoplasia and steroid contraceptives.

Female Hormones: For which Cancers do They Matter ?

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