Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques

Abstract

Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques.

Optimal Candidates to Do Fresh Embryo Transfer in Those Using Oral Contraceptive Pretreatment in IVF Cycles

“…It is believed that OC act to suppress endogenous gonadotropin secretion thus preventing spontaneous LH-surge and assist in the synchronization of follicular development when given prior to gonadotropin stimulation, leading to a higher egg yield and increased chances of pregnancy ( Kim et al, 2009 ). However, the results of our study demonstrate lower LBR following fresh embryo transfer in patients using the GnRH-ant protocol for ovarian stimulation, which is consistent with previously published studies ( Garcia-Velasco and Fatemi, 2015 ; Farquhar et al, 2017 ; Wei et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2019b ). Results of a recent meta-analysis of 6 RCTs by Farquhar et al reported that OC pretreatment was associated with a lower ongoing pregnancy rate/LBR after a fresh embryo transfer (OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58–0.95) in GnRH-ant cycles ( Farquhar et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Oral contraceptives (OC) have been widely used to prevent pregnancy, and for the treatment of dysmenorrhea or menstrual disorders since being first approved in 1960 ( Golobof and Kiley, 2016 ). With the increasing utilization of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) world-wide, OC have extensively been employed as a pretreatment before controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles ( Farquhar et al, 2017 ).…”

“…OC can control the induction of spontaneous menses via the suppression of the basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and thereby has become a mainstay approach for cycle scheduling ( Ozgur et al, 2016 ). Previous data has suggested that lowering circulating gonadotropins with OC pretreatment may aide in the synchronization of follicular development and as a result optimize oocyte yield during ovarian stimulation ( Keltz et al, 2007 ; Kim et al, 2009 ; Bozdag et al, 2012 ; Yildiz, 2015 ; Farquhar et al, 2017 ). However, recently there have been an increasing number of studies reporting the use of OC pretreatment may be potentially related to impaired pregnancy outcomes after fresh embryo transfers ( Garcia-Velasco and Fatemi, 2015 ; Farquhar et al, 2017 ; Wei et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2019b ; Lu et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Previous data has suggested that lowering circulating gonadotropins with OC pretreatment may aide in the synchronization of follicular development and as a result optimize oocyte yield during ovarian stimulation ( Keltz et al, 2007 ; Kim et al, 2009 ; Bozdag et al, 2012 ; Yildiz, 2015 ; Farquhar et al, 2017 ). However, recently there have been an increasing number of studies reporting the use of OC pretreatment may be potentially related to impaired pregnancy outcomes after fresh embryo transfers ( Garcia-Velasco and Fatemi, 2015 ; Farquhar et al, 2017 ; Wei et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2019b ; Lu et al, 2020 ). A recent Cochrane meta-analysis by Farquhar et al which included six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that OC pretreatment was associated with a lower ongoing pregnancy rate or live birth rate (LBR) after fresh embryo transfer than no pretreatment in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (ant) cycles.…”

Effect of Alcohol Consumption on the Sperm DNA Integrity: A Systematic Review

“…Only one article was removed over duplication. Further 18 articles were excluded (Bjelakovic et al, 2012;Chen & Lina, 2016;Consales et al, 2014;Farquhar et al, 2017;Garolla et al, 2014;Hart et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;MacArthur et al, 2014;Nicoletti et al, 2016;Nisenblat et al, 2016;Pourmand et al, 2014;Povey et al, 2012;Rubes et al, 1998;Showell et al, 2013;Showell et al, 2014;Skalkidou et al, 2017;Van et al, 2017;Varshini et al, 2012) after reviewing the titles and abstracts. Full papers were obtained for the remaining 5 articles and reviewing were done thoroughly (Figure 1).…”