Oral colonization of Candida species in perinatally HIV-infected children in northern Thailand

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a serious problem in northern

Prevalence of oral Candida carriage in Thai adolescents

“…A recent study in Poland found approximately 40% of Candida carriage in school children (12 and 18 years of age) in samples collected from the pharynx, supragingival plaque, and carious lesions 25 . A study in northern Thailand also observed a carriage rate of 40% in 15 HIV‐negative children (aged 0.5–7 years) 21 . These prevalence rates are comparable to our data, although the age range of those individuals does not perfectly match those of our study.…”

Salivary microbiota of HIV‐positive children and its correlation with HIV status, oral diseases, and total secretory IgA

“…Microbiological studies in HIV‐positive children have focused mainly on species of Candida 1,2,12,13,23 . Regarding oral bacteria, Castro et al 9 .…”

Asymptomatic oral carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

“…Oropharyngeal candidiasis has been demonstrated to be associated with oral yeast colonization and decline in CD4 + cell count 22 . The precise defense mechanisms that limit Candida proliferation are still undefined.…”

“…Marked decrease in incidence of oral lesion has been reported in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) related to the improvement in immunological function or to inhibition of the fungal secretory aspartyl proteinases (SAPs) that play a pathogenic role in mucosal invasion 1 . Other mechanisms seem to play a fundamental role for the declining rates of OPC 9,22 . It has been suggested that low CD4 + lymphocytes count and high plasma HIV RNA levels significantly correlate with oral Candida carriage, thereby increasing the risk of developing symptomatic infections 21 .…”