Oral cleanliness and gingival health following oral hygiene instruction by selfed‐educational programs

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the motivational effect of using a periodontal self-examination manual prior to a self-instructional manual in oral hygiene and to examine whether instruction provided at a later time than the scaling procedure improves the effect of the instruction. 74 patients with periodontal disease were divided into 3 groups: (1) A group of 23 patients who performed a self-examination of their periodontal condition prior to self-instruction in oral hygiene; (2) a control group of 27 patients who used only the self-instructional oral hygiene manual; and (3) a group of 24 patients who were not given the self-instructional oral hygiene manual before 6 weeks after the baseline examination. All these patients had their teeth scaled at the start of the study and after 3 and 7 months. The effect of the various modes of instruction was evaluated by assessments of plaque and gingival bleeding scores. These parameters were determined at the baseline and after 2 and 6 weeks and 3 and 7 months. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in plaque and gingival bleeding scores following the use of the self-instructional manual in oral hygiene. The use of the periodontal self-examination manual or a delay of the instruction had no additional effect on oral cleanliness. The level of oral hygiene and gingival health achieved at 3 months was maintained in all 3 groups for an additional period of 4 months. After that time, they were divided into 2 other groups depending on whether or not their plaque score was less than 20%. A total of 26 in the group who had a plaque score higher than 20% demonstrated a plaque score of than 20% after having performed the tooth brushing test. 10 of the remaining patients, who still had a plaque score of more than 20% after the tooth brushing test, received additional instruction in oral hygiene which subsequently resulted in improved oral cleanliness after 6 months.

Promoting behavioural changes to improve oral hygiene in patients with periodontal diseases: A systematic review

“…At re-evaluation 6-7 months later, no significant impact on plaque and bleeding scores was observed (Baab & Weinstein, 1986;Glavind, Zeuner, & Attstrom, 1981, 1984.…”

“…During the study selection process, the inter-examiner agreement was 0.82 for title and abstract screening and 0.98 for the fulltext evaluation (Cohen's kappa test). (Glavind, Zeuner, & Attstrom, 1981, 1984. Four studies…”

Comparison of Interdental Cleaning Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Although the practice and theory of oral health promotion have evolved, there is a shortage of quality interventions relating to oral health education after the early 1980s 5‐9 . In periodontal patients, where there is ineffective plaque removal from certain areas of the mouth, it is not surprising that these are the areas where probing depths (PDs) are often the deepest, 10,11 typically palatal, lingual, and interdental areas.…”

A three‐year prospective study of adult subjects with gingivitis II: microbiological parameters

“…There have been a number of studies that have examined preventive procedures in periodontally healthy and maintenance subjects (Suomi et al 1971, Soderholm & Egelberg 1982, Soderholm et al 1982, Glavind et al 1984, Albandar et al 1994, Haffajee et al 2001b, Heitz‐Mayfield et al 2003, Schatzle et al 2003, Axelsson et al 2004). However, there are a limited number of reports describing the microbial outcomes of these procedures (Loos et al 1988, Murray et al 1989, McNabb et al 1992, al Yahfoufi et al 1995, Hellstrom et al 1996, Nogueira et al 2000, Ximenez‐Fyvie et al 2000b, Haffajee et al 2001a, Goodson et al 2004).…”