Oral Biofilms: Development, Control and Analysis

Berger, Daniela; Rakamimova, Aviva; Pollack, Andrew; Loewy, Zvi G.

doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0174.v1

Cited by 80 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In clinical terms, it is known that the polymicrobial, inter-kingdom biofilms are covered by a protective layer of extracellular polysaccharides that confers them protection against antimicrobials and chemotherapeutic agents [37,38]. Therefore, it is crucial to ascertain the activity of SDF within such an ecosystem as our data essentially appertains to the SDF activity against planktonic yeasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) used in childhood caries management has potent antifungal activity against oral Candida species

et al. 2020

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Background: The microbiome of Severe-Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC), is characterized by an ecosystem comprising bacterial and fungal species, with a predominance of Candida species. Hence, an anti-cariogen effective against both bacteria and fungi would be valuable in the management of S-ECC. Here we evaluate the antifungal effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) against 35-clinical yeast isolates (Ten-each of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and five C. glabrata strains) from dentinal caries-lesions from S-ECC.Results: Disc-diffusion and time-kill assays as well as MIC 50 and MIC 90 evaluations against therapeutic concentrations confirmed the broad-spectrum anti-candidal potency of SDF. Ultrastructural images revealed morphologic aberrations of yeast-cell walls on exposure to SDF. All C. krusei and C. glabrata isolates were significantly more sensitive to SDF, relative to the standard antifungal fluconazole. Further, SDF appears to effectively abrogate filamentation of C. albicans even at very low concentrations. Conclusions: Our data, for the first time, elucidate the antifungal potency of SDF, in addition to its known antibacterial activity, in the management of S-ECC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) used in childhood caries management has potent antifungal activity against oral Candida species

et al. 2020

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“…To reduce this infirmity in the integument, in these sites, junctional epithelium mediates the attachment of the gingival tissues to tooth structure with hemidesmosomes,this creates something called “the dentogingival junction” 2 . Yet, even with such attachment the dentogingival junction is a semipermeable membrane that still allows for the hundreds of millions of bacteria, either planktonic or as biofilm, 3 commensal or pathogenic, that reside in the oral cavity to enter the bloodstream (ie, bacteraemia). When microbial loads are low, and gingival tissues healthy, bacteraemia pose little threat to host tissues and systems, 4,5 because dentate mammals have developed their innate immune systems to respond to and prevent the ingress of bacteria through the dentogingival junction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral inflammatory load: Neutrophils as oral health biomarkers

Khoury

Glogauer

Tenenbaum

et al. 2020

J of Periodontal Research

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Periodontal diseases present a significant challenge to our healthcare system in terms of morbidity from the disease itself as well as their putative and deleterious effects on systemic health. The current method of diagnosing periodontal disease utilizes clinical criteria solely. These are imprecise and are somewhat invasive. There is thus significant benefit to creating a non‐invasive test as a method of screening for and monitoring of periodontal diseases, and, in particular, chronic periodontitis. Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophil (oPMN) counts have been found to correlate with extent of oral inflammation and the presence and severity of periodontal diseases. Potentially then, quantification of oPMNs might be used to identify and measure the severity of oral inflammation (oral inflammatory load; OIL) in subjects with healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues, demonstrating a positive correlation between higher oPMN counts and the extent/severity of OIL. These findings support the development and utilization of a non‐invasive chair‐side test enabling rapid, accurate, and objective screening of OIL based on measurement of oPMN numbers (similar to white blood cell levels in blood as used in medicine for assessment of infection). The use of such a test before, during, and after treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis could lead to improvements in timing of intervention (ie, when inflammation is active) thereby reducing long‐term morbidity.

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“…Most oral diseases are of infectious origin. Periodontal infections, dental caries, jawbone osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis, and mucosal fungal infections like thrush are all caused by microorganisms forming persistent and hard-to-eradicate structures referred to as biofilms [1]. One of the key features of biofilm organisms is their ability to colonize soft and hard tissues [2,3], and to spread throughout the host, changing the status of the infection from localized to a more generalized one in susceptible hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Novel Bacterial Cellulose Dressings Chemisorbed with Antiseptics for the Treatment of Oral Biofilm Infections

Krasowski¹,

Wicher-Dudek

Paleczny

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Infections of the oral cavity are caused by multicellular communities of microbes, referred to as biofilms. Due to the high tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics and specific conditions within the oral cavity, there is an ongoing search for carriers that are able to deliver high local concentrations of potent antimicrobials that can eradicate pathogenic biofilms. Bacterial cellulose, owing to its high flexibility, absorbance, and release potential, meets these demands. In this work we chemisorbed bacterial cellulose with antiseptics containing povidone-iodine or polihexanide and analyzed their ability to eradicate in vitro biofilms formed by oral pathogens, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In tests performed by means of standard laboratory methods and with a long contact time (24 h), all antiseptics released from the cellulose dressings displayed a very high antibiofilm efficacy. On the other hand, when conditions imitating the oral cavity were used and cellulose dressings were applied for a 0.5–1 h contact time, the antiseptics released from the dressings displayed lower, though still acceptable, activity. Our findings indicate that besides species-specific resistance to particular antiseptic agents, environmental and experimental settings play an essential role in outcomes. Finally, in a proof-of-concept experiment performed in an oral cavity typodont model, we demonstrated the high flexibility and adhesiveness of antiseptic-containing cellulose dressings. Our novel findings, if developed in further studies, may lead to the introduction of new types of dressings that are able to efficiently deal with biofilm infections of the oral cavity.

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Oral Biofilms: Development, Control and Analysis

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) used in childhood caries management has potent antifungal activity against oral Candida species

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) used in childhood caries management has potent antifungal activity against oral Candida species

Oral inflammatory load: Neutrophils as oral health biomarkers

Potential of Novel Bacterial Cellulose Dressings Chemisorbed with Antiseptics for the Treatment of Oral Biofilm Infections

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