Oral and pharyngeal cancers in Yemen: a retrospective study

Es, Halboub; Abdulhuq, Mahmoud; Almandili, Ahmad

doi:10.26719/2012.18.9.985

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Two researches conducted in Yemen which share the border with Jazan showed higher number of females suffering from oral cancer when compared to males (Sawair et al, 2007;Halboub et al, 2012). This probably justifies the almost equal percentage of male and female oral cancer cases obtained in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Associated Risk Factors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Hospital Based Case Control Study

Quadri

Alharbi²,

Bajonaid³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Oral cancer is the third most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia, the highest incidence of which is reported from Jazan province. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of various locally used substances, especially shamma, with oral cancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was designed and patient records were scanned for histologically confirmed oral cancer cases. Forty eight patients who were recently diagnosed with oral cancer were selected as cases. Two healthy controls were selected for each observed case and they were matched with age (+/-5 years) gender and location. Use of different forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, pipe-smoking and shamma (smokelesstobacco) was assessed. Khat, a commonly used chewing substance in the community was also included. Descriptive analysis was first performed followed by multiple logistic regression (with and without interaction) to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). Results: Mean age of the study sample (56% males and 44% females) was 65.3 years. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that shamma use increased the odds of developing oral cancer by 29 times (OR=29.3; 10.3-83.1). Cigarette (OR=6.74; 2.18-20.8) was also seen to have an effect. With the interaction model the odds ratio increased significantly for shamma users (OR=37.2; 12.3-113.2) and cigarette smokers (OR=10.5; 2.88-3.11). Khat was observed to have negative effect on the disease occurrence when used along with shamma (OR=0.01; 0.00 -0.65). Conclusions: We conclude that shamma, a moist form of smokeless tobacco is a major threat for oral cancer occurrence in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. This study gives a direction to conduct further longitudinal studies in the region with increased sample size representing the population in order to provide more substantial evidence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Residents as young as 10-13 years of age have been reported to be indulged in the habit of shamma dipping. The appropriate percentage of the users could be much higher as the use of shamma is illegal in the country and there are chances of false reporting by the users (Salem et al, 1984;Allard et al, 1999;Halboub et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Associated Risk Factors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Hospital Based Case Control Study

Quadri

Alharbi²,

Bajonaid³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…of Yemeni adults (n=2500), no oral cancers were reported . A 2012 large‐scaled, retrospective study evaluating the frequency of oral and pharyngeal cancers among Yemeni cancer patients registered in 2007 and 2008 (n=7515) found that 541 (7.2%) had primary malignancies of oral and pharyngeal tissues, of which the tongue was the most affected oral site (53.6%), and women were the most affected . Interestingly, most of the reported oral cancer cases were referred from the Al‐Hodeida and Hajja governorates (west of Yemen), where smokeless tobacco use and water pipe smoking are very common.…”

Section: Oral Manifestations Of Khat Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Khat (Catha edulis) and its oral health effects: An updated review

Al‐Maweri

Warnakulasuriya

Samran

2017

J of Invest & Clin Dent

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Khat or qat (Catha edulis) is a plant that grows in East Africa and southern Arabia. The leaves and twigs of this small tree are chewed by several millions of people worldwide for their stimulating amphetamine-like effects. The reported prevalence of khat chewing in Europe and the USA is on the rise, especially with global migration. Long-term khat chewing has several detrimental general and oral health effects. The aim of the present study was to review the current literature regarding khat use and its association with oral and dental diseases, with particular emphasis on its link with oral keratotic white lesions and oral cancer. We searched the literature to identify all relevant articles. Studies showed that khat is associated with several oral and dental conditions, including keratotic white lesions, mucosal pigmentation, periodontal disease, tooth loss, plasma cell stomatitis, and xerostomia. There are limited data on the incidence of dental caries among khat chewers. The evidence that khat chewing is a risk factor for oral cancer is still weak, and is mainly based on anecdotal case reports and uncontrolled studies. K E Y W O R D Sdental, effect, Khat, oral mucosa

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“…In Yemen, a recent study revealed a quite high relative frequency of oral cancer among Yemenis, 3.7%, when compared to the neighboring countries. Besides, the majority of cases were detected at advanced stages (Halboub et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%