Oral and Oropharyngeal Perceptions of Fluid Viscosity Across the Age Span

Smith, Christina H.; Logemann, Jeri A.; Burghardt, Wesley R.; Zecker, Steven G.; Rademaker, Alfred

doi:10.1007/s00455-006-9045-4

Cited by 70 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, this reduction in viscosity was not readily detected in the subjective assessment of the fluid [23]. This may be attributable to the non-Newtonian flow behaviour of thickened drinks [24] whereby the apparent viscosity at low flow rates (such as tipping in a cup) is different to the viscosity at higher flow rates (we tested at 40 s -1 , which is thought to be representative of the higher flow rates experienced during a swallow [24]).…”

Section: Subjective Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Saliva on the Viscosity of Thickened Drinks

2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Powdered thickeners are used to modify drink consistency in the clinical management of dysphagia. These thickeners are composed of primarily modified maize starch; some varieties also incorporate powdered gums. Amylase is a digestive enzyme found in saliva that initiates the breakdown of starch. To determine the significance of this process in dysphagia management, we measured the effects of human saliva on the viscosity of thickened drinks. Two thickeners were studied: one comprising modified maize starch alone and one that included additional gums. These were added to drinks with neutral and acidic pH: water and orange juice. Two clinical scenarios were simulated: (1) the effect of saliva on fluid as it is swallowed and (2) the effect when saliva enters a cup and contaminates a drink. Saliva was found to reduce the viscosity of water thickened with maize starch in both scenarios: (1) 90% reduction after 10 s and (2) almost 100% reduction in viscosity after 20 min. The thickener composed of gums and maize starch showed a significant reduction but retained a level of thickening. In contrast, thickened orange juice (pH 3.8) was not observed to undergo any measurable reduction in viscosity under the action of saliva.

show abstract

Section: Subjective Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Saliva on the Viscosity of Thickened Drinks

2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the esophagus after wet swallows the duration of contractions is higher in women than in men at 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter, and the velocity of contractions in the middle esophagus is higher in men than in women, also with wet swallows (7) . Oropharyngeal perceptions of fluid viscosity deteriorates with increasing age, with men exhibiting a more marked deterioration in sensitivity than women (17) . Other possible explanations might be differences in coordination of swallowing and breathing, and differences in sensory input causing differential effects on swallowing physiology (4) .…”

Section: Bmi -Body Mass Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender effect on the clinical measurement of swallowing

Alves¹,

Cassiani²,

Santos³

et al. 2007

Arq. Gastroenterol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Background -Swallowing coordination is affected by cortical and subcortical inputs from the central nervous system. Our hypothesis is that the swallowing dynamics may be influenced by gender. Aim -To evaluate the influence of gender on water swallowing dynamics. Methods -We studied 111 health subjects, 36 men, aged 24-77 years (mean: 46.3 ± 16.1 years) and 75 women, aged 22-75 years (mean: 39.6 ± 13.3 years). All volunteers swallowed in triplicate 50 mL of water at 4ºC while precisely timed, when we measured the time to swallow all the volume and counted the number of swallows. We calculated the inter-swallow interval: the time to complete the task, in seconds, divided by the number of swallows; swallowing velocity: volume drunk (mL) by the time taken (s); swallowing volume capacity: volume drunk (mL) divided by the number of swallows. Results -Women had a shorter inter-swallow interval, slower swallowing velocity and lower volume capacity than men. Conclusion -Gender has an effect on water swallowing dynamics, with women having a lower swallowing velocity and a lower volume capacity in each swallow than men.

show abstract

“…Sixty normal volunteers aged 21-84 years participated. Findings were that viscosity perception deteriorates with increasing age and men exhibited a more marked deterioration in sensitivity than women [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Viscosity in Infant Dysphagia Management: Comparison of Viscosity of Thickened Liquids Used in Assessment and Thickened Liquids Used in Treatment

Stuart

Motz

2009

Dysphagia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to investigate comparability of viscosity of liquids used in assessment and treatment of infants with dysphagia. Goals of this study were as follows: (1) Establish baseline viscosity values for (a) the commercial barium assessment liquids of varying thicknesses and (b) clinically typical infant formula thickened with varied thickeners. (2) Compare the baseline viscosities of the various liquids for correlation of values. We attempted to mimic real-world situations and recreate clinical assessment and treatment conditions. We also identified and made every effort to control typical clinical variables, e.g., mixer and mixing procedure, brand of product, and temperature of liquid. The method of measurement was based on rheologic principles and used a Brookfield Engineering LVDV II + Pro Cone/Plate Viscometer at spindle and speed combinations to maximize shear rates consistent with swallowing. Statistically, there was no comparability between barium and formula mixtures, regardless of thickener utilized. The implications of these findings and the need to develop a standardized means of thickening formula to a viscosity comparable to the assessment materials are discussed.

show abstract

Oral and Oropharyngeal Perceptions of Fluid Viscosity Across the Age Span

Cited by 70 publications

References 40 publications

The Effect of Saliva on the Viscosity of Thickened Drinks

The Effect of Saliva on the Viscosity of Thickened Drinks

Gender effect on the clinical measurement of swallowing

Viscosity in Infant Dysphagia Management: Comparison of Viscosity of Thickened Liquids Used in Assessment and Thickened Liquids Used in Treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About