Oral and Intravenous Fumonisin Exposure in Pigs—A Single-Dose Treatment Experiment Evaluating Toxicokinetics and Detoxification

Schertz, Hanna; Kluess, Jeannette; Frahm, Jana; Schatzmayr, Dian; Dohnal, Ilse; Bichl, Gerlinde; Schwartz-Zimmermann, Heidi E.; Breves, Gerhard; Dänicke, Sven

doi:10.3390/toxins10040150

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although, 20 years ago, under culture conditions, there was no indication that fumonisin was metabolized by intestinal bacteria [ 33 ], it is now admitted that some bacteria isolated from soil and plants are known to degrade and thereby detoxify fumonisins [ 36 ]. It was recently reported in pigs that an oral single dose exposure of fumonisin leads to a 47% fumonisin degradation into their partially hydrolyzed forms in the gastro-intestinal tract, thus indicating the ability of the microbiota to hydrolyze fumonisin [ 37 ]. The capacity to degrade or remove FB1 in vitro was emphasized for Lactobacillus brevis , L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fumonisin-Exposure Impairs Age-Related Ecological Succession of Bacterial Species in Weaned Pig Gut Microbiota

Mateos

Combes

Pascal

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Pigs are highly affected by dietary mycotoxin contamination and particularly by fumonisin. The effects of fumonisin on pig intestinal health are well documented, but little is known regarding its impact on gut microbiota. We investigate the effects of the fumonisin (FB1, 12 mg/kg feed) on the fecal microbiota of piglets (n = 6) after 0, 8, 15, 22, and 29 days of exposure. A control group of six piglets received a diet free of FB1. Bacterial community diversity, structure and taxonomic composition were carried out by V3–V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Exposure to FB1 decreases the diversity index, and shifts and constrains the structure and the composition of the bacterial community. This takes place as early as after 15 days of exposure and is at a maximum after 22 days of exposure. Compared to control, FB1 alters the ecological succession of fecal microbiota species toward higher levels of Lactobacillus and lower levels of the Lachnospiraceae and Veillonellaceae families, and particularly OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) of the genera Mitsuokella, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia. In conclusion, FB1 shifts and constrains age-related evolution of microbiota. The direct or indirect contribution of FB1 microbiota alteration in the global host response to FB1 toxicity remains to be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pigs, a favorable effect of feed restriction was observed on Lactobacillus abundance [ 24 ]. Although, after oral exposure, FB1 is poorly absorbed in the intestine and feces is the main excretory route [ 37 ], it induces abdominal pain and diarrhea [ 1 ]. In piglets in the present study, it reduced villi length [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin-Exposure Impairs Age-Related Ecological Succession of Bacterial Species in Weaned Pig Gut Microbiota

Mateos

Combes

Pascal

et al. 2018

Toxins

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“…The objective of our trial was to investigate the effect of an oral single-dose fumonisin exposure on animal health with special emphasis on the respiratory tract and the biomarker Sa/So ratio, in the absence or presence of the fumonisin esterase FumD. This study was conducted in the frame of an investigation on toxicokinetics and metabolism of fumonisins and thus [ 26 ] intravenous applications of FB 1 and HFB 1 were also employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was conducted in the frame of an investigation on toxicokinetics and metabolism of fumonisins and thus included also intravenous application of FB 1 and its fully-hydrolyzed form, HFB 1 . The two latter substances functioned as references for a complete (100%) systemic bioavailability in the experimental setup along the oral fumonisin administration, considering the generally poor bioavailability of fumonisins in pigs [ 23 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker Evaluation and Toxic Effects of an Acute Oral and Systemic Fumonisin Exposure of Pigs with a Special Focus on Dietary Fumonisin Esterase Supplementation

Schertz

Dänicke

Frahm

et al. 2018

Toxins

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The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a frequent contaminant of feed. It causes a disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and pulmonary, hepatic, and immunological lesions in pigs depending on the exposure scenario. One sensitive biomarker for FB1 exposure is the sphinganine (Sa) to sphingosine (So) ratio in blood. The fumonisin esterase FumD, which can be used as a feed additive, converts FB1 into the much less toxic metabolite hydrolyzed FB1 (HFB1). We conducted a single-dose study with barrows allocated to one of five treatments: (1) control (feed, 0.9% NaCl intravenously iv), (2) 139 nmol FB1 or (3) HFB1/kg BW iv, (4) 3425 nmol FB1/kg BW orally (po), or (5) 3321 nmol FB1/kg BW and 240 U FumD/kg feed po. The Sa/So ratio of iv and po FB1 administered groups was significantly elevated in blood and Liquor cerebrospinalis, but no fumonisin-associated differences were reflected in other endpoints. Neither clinical lung affections nor histopathological pulmonary lesions were detected in either group, while some parameters of hematology and clinical biochemistry showed a treatment–time interaction. FumD application resulted in Sa/So ratios comparable to the control, indicating that the enzymatic treatment was effectively preventing the fumonisin-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism.

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“…Fumonisins, though found with the higher concentrations and frequency, are the toxins with laxer legislation or guideline values, except the case of for pigs which are set to 5000 mg kg − 1 . Fumonisins have demonstrated particular toxicity toward pigs (prevalence of 25.43% for both FB 1 and FB 2 , Burel et al 2013;Schertz et al 2018). Though, higher fumonisin prevalence was found in poultry feed and pet food.…”

Section: Mycotoxin Prevalence By Feedstuff and Legislative Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

et al. 2019

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Background: When present in animal feedstuff, mycotoxins contaminants and antibiotic residues can have negative implications for animal production and Public Health, including the transmission of carcinogenic compounds and the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, respectively. So far there are no available methods in which both mycotoxins and antibiotic residues are analyzed using a parallel extraction approach. To address this issue, we developed a LC/MS methodology with high sensitivity (0.005 to 6.42 and 24.55 to 132.73 μg kg − 1 for mycotoxins and antimicrobials) and specificity (unique target ion mass/charge) that allows the detection of 26 mycotoxins and 23 antibiotic residues in animal feedstuff and validated it through the determination of these analytes in 294 animal feed and feed ingredient samples in the framework of a country-wide surveillance program. Two hundred and five of these samples were analyzed for mycotoxins and 89 for antibiotics. Findings: Fumonisin was the most frequently toxin found, with FB 1 and FB 2 presenting prevalences of 50 and 52% and maximum concentrations of 14,927.61 and 8646.67 μg kg − 1 , respectively. Other toxins, including diacetoxyscirpenol n = 4/101 (3.96%), fusarenon-X n = 2/101 (1.98%), citrinin n = 2 (1.98%), and patulin n = 1 (0.99%) were rarely found. Toxicologically relevant concentrations of toxin metabolites, such as HT-2 (6.38-485.49 μg kg − 1) and 3−/15acetoxydeoxynivalenol (877.89-3236.56/5.44-1685.3 μg kg − 1), were also found. Few samples exceeded threshold mycotoxin concentrations defined in current EU guidelines. Dairy cattle and swine feeds included the higher number of samples exceeding guideline values (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively). From the total of samples analysed for antibiotics, 7.7% (n = 7/89) were classified as medicated for poultry and pigs. Unexpectedly, 57% of these medicated samples contained no detectable antibiotics (n = 4/7). The remaining 43% of the samples (n = 3/7) presented inconsistencies regarding the concentration of analytes declared on the labels or the antibiotics found. Likewise 74.6% (n = 50/67) of the non-medicated feed samples analyzed had antibiotic residues. Additionally, we analyzed commercial monensin standards for purity and evaluate batch-to-batch flushing feed industry practices. Conclusions: Herein we report the results for a year-wide analysis for mycotoxins and antibiotics in feed samples. Mycotoxins, several metabolites, and the occurrence of these emerging contaminants were evaluated and antibiotic residues in non-medicated feed samples were found using a targeted MS-based LC approach. This validated multianalyte method is expected to facilitate the monitoring and surveillance of contaminants, from natural and anthropogenic origin, in animal feed.

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Oral and Intravenous Fumonisin Exposure in Pigs—A Single-Dose Treatment Experiment Evaluating Toxicokinetics and Detoxification

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Fumonisin-Exposure Impairs Age-Related Ecological Succession of Bacterial Species in Weaned Pig Gut Microbiota

Fumonisin-Exposure Impairs Age-Related Ecological Succession of Bacterial Species in Weaned Pig Gut Microbiota

Biomarker Evaluation and Toxic Effects of an Acute Oral and Systemic Fumonisin Exposure of Pigs with a Special Focus on Dietary Fumonisin Esterase Supplementation

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

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