Oral Administration of L-Citrulline, but not L-Arginine or L-Ornithine, Acts as a Hypothermic Agent in Chicks

Chowdhury, Vishwajit S.; Shigemura, Asako; Erwan, Edi; Ito, Kaname; Bahry, Mohammad A.; Tran, Phuong V.; Furuse, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.2141/jpsa.0150014

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, the 7day-old chicks (average body weight 65 g) were administered L-Cit at a dose of 8.52 mmol/kg body weight/day/2 mL and the 13-day-old chicks (average body weight 125 g) were administered L-Cit at a dose of 4.43 mmol/kg body weight/ day/2 mL when calculated based on a basal concentration of 277 mM L-Cit in the medium. Therefore, the amount of L-Cit administered to the chicks in this study was lower than the effective dose (15 mmol/kg body weight) required for reducing body temperature as described elsewhere (Chowdhury et al, 2015(Chowdhury et al, , 2017. The involvement of several factors should be considered for understanding the hypothermic effect of the treated medium in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, oral administration of an equimolar amount of crystallized L-Cit alone was not able to reduce the body temperature of the chicks. Chowdhury et al (2015) reported that oral administration of 15 mmol/kg body weight, but not of 3.75 or 7.5 mmol L-Cit /kg body weight, reduced the body temperature of 6-day-old chicks. In the present study, the 7day-old chicks (average body weight 65 g) were administered L-Cit at a dose of 8.52 mmol/kg body weight/day/2 mL and the 13-day-old chicks (average body weight 125 g) were administered L-Cit at a dose of 4.43 mmol/kg body weight/ day/2 mL when calculated based on a basal concentration of 277 mM L-Cit in the medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For instance, L-citrulline (L-Cit) level was reduced in the plasma of heat-exposed chicks . Chowdhury et al (2015Chowdhury et al ( , 2017 further showed that oral administration of L-Cit produced hypothermic effects in young chicks. Supplementation of essential amino acids to reduce the negative effects of heat stress and maintain steady production performance has currently attracted the attention of the chicken farming industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Oral Administration of a Medium Containing L-Citrulline-producing Live Bacteria Reduces Body Temperature in Chicks

et al. 2019

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Recently, we showed that oral administration of crystallized L-citrulline (L-Cit) caused hypothermia under a control thermoneutral temperature (CT) and provided thermotolerance under high ambient temperature (HT) in chicks. The aim of this study was to clarify whether oral administration of a medium containing L-Cit-producing live bacteria can reduce body temperature in chicks under CT. In Experiment 1, 7-day-old chicks were orally administered either a medium (containing mainly L-Cit-producing live bacteria and 277 mM L-Cit) or an equimolar amount of L-Cit to determine their effects on body temperature (acute treatment). In Experiment 2, chicks were subjected to the same treatment from 7 to 13 days of age (chronic treatment). Rectal and surface body temperatures were recorded daily after 1 h of treatment. Both acute and chronic oral administration of the medium, but not of the equimolar amount of L-Cit, significantly reduced the rectal and surface body temperatures of the chicks. Chronic administration of the medium resulted in consistently low rectal and surface body temperatures during the entire experimental period. In conclusion, acute or chronic administration of the medium containing L-Cit-producing live bacteria, but not of the equimolar amount of L-Cit, reduced the rectal and surface body temperatures of the chicks. Our results suggest that medium containing L-Cit-producing live bacteria can be used as a new feed supplement for lowering the body temperature of chicks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Oral Administration of a Medium Containing L-Citrulline-producing Live Bacteria Reduces Body Temperature in Chicks

et al. 2019

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“…Rectal temperature was measured using a digital thermometer with an accuracy of ±0.1°C (Thermalert TH‐5, Physitemp Instruments Inc.); the thermistor probe was inserted into the colon (rectum) through the cloaca to a depth of 2 cm as reported previously (Chowdhury et al. ; Ito et al. ; Bahry et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central NPY ‐Y5 sub‐receptor partially functions as a mediator of NPY ‐induced hypothermia and affords thermotolerance in heat‐exposed fasted chicks

et al. 2017

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Exposure of chicks to a high ambient temperature (HT) has previously been shown to increase neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression in the brain. Furthermore, it was found that NPY has anti‐stress functions in heat‐exposed fasted chicks. The aim of the study was to reveal the role of central administration of NPY on thermotolerance ability and the induction of heat‐shock protein (HSP) and NPY sub‐receptors (NPYSRs) in fasted chicks with the contribution of plasma metabolite changes. Six‐ or seven‐day‐old chicks were centrally injected with 0 or 375 pmol of NPY and exposed to either HT (35 ± 1°C) or control thermoneutral temperature (CT: 30 ± 1°C) for 60 min while fasted. NPY reduced body temperature under both CT and HT. NPY enhanced the brain mRNA expression of HSP‐70 and ‐90, as well as of NPYSRs‐Y5, ‐Y6, and ‐Y7, but not ‐Y1, ‐Y2, and ‐Y4, under CT and HT. A coinjection of an NPYSR‐Y5 antagonist (CGP71683) and NPY (375 pmol) attenuated the NPY‐induced hypothermia. Furthermore, central NPY decreased plasma glucose and triacylglycerol under CT and HT and kept plasma corticosterone and epinephrine lower under HT. NPY increased plasma taurine and anserine concentrations. In conclusion, brain NPYSR‐Y5 partially afforded protective thermotolerance in heat‐exposed fasted chicks. The NPY‐mediated reduction in plasma glucose and stress hormone levels and the increase in free amino acids in plasma further suggest that NPY might potentially play a role in minimizing heat stress in fasted chicks.

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“…It was observed that plasma citrulline concentrations were reduced following exposure to heat stress conditions in chicks (43). Furthermore, L-Cit has been ascertained to possess hypothermic functions in chickens following its ability to depress rectal temperature under ambient temperatures (44) and in heat stressed chicks (45). The utilization of watermelon rinds, as a rich source of L-Cit was shown to reduce rectal temperatures of chicks in a similar fashion as L-Cit administration both at control and heat stress temperatures (46).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary L-Citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

Uyanga

Jiao

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background L-Citrulline (L-Cit), a non-protein amino acid, has been implicated in several physiological functions including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and hypothermic roles, however, there is paucity of information with regards to its potential in poultry production. This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary L-Cit supplementation on the production performance, nitric oxide production and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer periods. Hy-line laying hens (n = 288, 34 weeks old) were allotted to four treatment with 6 replicates of 12 chickens each. Dietary treatments of control (basal diets), 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% L-Cit supplementation were fed to chickens for eight (8) weeks. Production performance, egg quality characteristics, nitric oxide production and antioxidant properties were measured. Blood samples were collected at 4th and 8th weeks of experiment. ResultsAir temperature monitoring indicated average minimum and maximum recordings of 25.02 0 C and 31.01 0 C respectively. Dietary supplementation with L-Cit did not significantly (P > 0.05) influence the production performance, plasma biochemistry and rectal temperatures of laying hens. Egg shape index was increased with L-Cit diet, similarly, albumen heights and Haugh units also tended (P < 0.10) to improve with higher L-Cit supplementation. Plasma nitric oxide (NO x ) concentration was observed to increase with highest contents at 1% L-Cit supplementation. Likewise, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme activity for both total NOS (tNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were upregulated with increasing L-Cit levels, although, tNOS was not affected at week 4. Anti-oxidant enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased with L-Cit supplementation, however, SOD activity was unchanged at week 4. Total anti-oxidant capacity increased with L-Cit groups at week 8. L-Cit supplementation attenuated the extent of lipid peroxidation measured by malondialdehyde levels, and also inhibited glutathione peroxidase activity. ConclusionDietary L-Cit supplementation enhanced nitric oxide synthesis, promoted antioxidant defense systems, and tended to improve internal egg quality traits of laying hens during summer season. 1% Production performanceEgg production and egg weights were recorded daily from different replicates, while body weights and feed intake were recorded on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Data computed were feed conversion ratio, laying rate, and egg mass based on the data recorded.Air and rectal temperature monitoring

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Oral Administration of L-Citrulline, but not L-Arginine or L-Ornithine, Acts as a Hypothermic Agent in Chicks

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Oral Administration of a Medium Containing L-Citrulline-producing Live Bacteria Reduces Body Temperature in Chicks

Oral Administration of a Medium Containing L-Citrulline-producing Live Bacteria Reduces Body Temperature in Chicks

Central NPY ‐Y5 sub‐receptor partially functions as a mediator of NPY ‐induced hypothermia and affords thermotolerance in heat‐exposed fasted chicks

Dietary L-Citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

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