Oral administration of a combination of select lactic acid bacteria strains to reduce the Salmonella invasion and inflammation of broiler chicks

Abstract

One-day-old chicks are susceptible to infection by strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies. Because multistrain probiotics are suggested to be more effective than monostrain probiotics due to the additive and synergistic effects, in this study, we prepared a multistrain formula A (MFA) consisting of 4 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains selected by enhancing the TNF-α production for mouse macrophage 264.7 cells. The antagonistic effect of this MFA against the cecal colonization, viscera invasiveness, as well as the inflammation of 1-d-old chicks challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium were then assayed. One-day-old chicks were fed with MFA from d 1 to d 3, and on d 4, chicks were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (200 μL, 10(6) cfu/mL). The livers, spleens, and cecal tonsils of chicks were then removed on d 3 and 6 postinfection. Compared with the multistrain formula B (MFB) which consisted of LAB strains selected at random, the efficacy of MFA to reduce the Salmonella counts recovered from the cecal tonsils, spleens, and livers of chicks were significantly higher. Moreover, when the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and anti-inflmmatory cytokine, that is, IL-10, in cecal tonsils were measured by reverse-transcription real-time quantitative PCR; it was found that chicks fed with MFA for 3 d had lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and a higher level of IL-10 in the cecal tonsils of chicks as compared with those of the chicks fed with MFB or without LAB. These results suggest that multistrain probiotics consisting of LAB strains selected by immunomodulatory activity and adherence are more effective than those consisting of strains selected at random in antagonistic effect against Salmonella colonization, invasion, and the induced inflammation.

Characterization of some potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from Iranian native chickens

“…Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as common microorganisms in foods and the intestine of humans and most animals, are widely used as probiotics in humans and animals to restore the ecological balance of different mucosa (Chen et al, 2012;Musikasang et al, 2012). Some studies showed high effect of LAB on the economic yield properties (lay intensi-…”

Poultry Body Temperature Contributes to Invasion Control through Reduced Expression of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis

“…In general, oral administration of S. Typhimurium or S. Enteritidis to poultry results in poor localization and colonization of systemic tissues such as the liver and spleen compared to bacterial concentration within the ceca [16][17][18][19][20]. Although the reasons for these results are likely multifactorial, the 3 to 5°C difference in the body temperature of poultry (41°C to 42°C) compared to susceptible mammals (37°C to 39°C) may be a factor contributing to the lack of systemic localization by these serovars in poultry.…”

Long-term effects of oral tea polyphenols and Lactobacillus brevis M8 on biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and cytokines expression in broilers

“…LAB have also been reported to regulate proinflammatory cytokines expression (i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and reduce inflammation in animals, including broiler chicks (Chen et al, 2012;Park et al, 2014).…”

“…Currently, LAB have been considered to be the most common type of microbes used as probiotics and have been successfully used in improving intestinal microflora, prevention of infectious diseases and food allergies, reduction of serum cholesterol (CHO), anticarcinogenic activity, stabilization of the gut mucosal barrier, immune adjuvant properties, alleviation of intestinal bowel disease symptoms, and improvement in the digestion of lactose in intolerant hosts (Kumari et al, 2011;Berlec et al, 2012;Zhong et al, 2014;Rashti et al, 2015). Meanwhile, LAB have been suggested as improving growth performance and production in swine (Yang et al, 2015) and broilers (Chen et al, 2012). Our previous studies suggested that co-dietary TP and LAB supplementation improve growth performance and intestinal microflora in chickens, while little is known about the long-term effects of co-dietary TP and LAB supplementation in birds.…”