Oral Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies with Kalpaamruthaa, a Modified Indigenous Preparation, on Rats

Abstract

Kalpaamruthaa (KA), a modified indigenous Siddha formulation constitutes Semecarpus anacardium nut milk extract, Emblica officinalis and honey. KA is evaluated for its behavioral and toxicological effects and also its consequence on biochemical and histological variations. Acute and subacute toxicity studies with KA were done on Wistar Albino rats. During acute toxicity study (72 hr), there were no any adverse effects found in the general behavior and mortality at any dose level given (50-2000 mg/kg b.wt.). In subacute toxicity study (30 days) KA (50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) did not cause any changes in hematological and biochemical parameters with the exception of a transient rise in hemoglobin, leukocyte count, free fatty acid, plasma and urine creatinine and a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels. The changes observed are significant only at the highest dosage of 500 mg/kg b.wt. Further, histopathological examination of vital organs showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological disturbances; it can be considered that KA is safe and non toxic.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and acute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill) Vahl.

“…Consequently, herbal medicines have received greater attention as an alternative to clinical therapy leading to increasing demand (Mythilypriya et al, 2007). The exclusive use of herbal drugs, prepared and dispensed by unscientifically trained herbalists, for treatment of diseases is still very common in rural Nigerian communities.…”

“…The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extract indicated positive results for polyphenols and triterpenoid saponins. For a plant or herbal preparation containing active organic principles to be identified for use in the traditional medicine, a systemic approach is required for the evaluation of efficacy and safety through experiment and clinical findings (Mythilypriya et al, 2007).…”

Effect of Extraction Solvents on Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Varieties Garcinia kola (heckel) OBOWO 02 (soft and less bitter) and OBOWO 03 (Hard and Very Bitter)

“…The are involved in the purification of the air we breath and in the provision of raw materials for use in various industries, for the manufacture of various finished products such as clothes, rugs, foot wears, furnitute, biofuels, perfumes, dyes,drugs and pesticides. The implication of plants in both traditional and authodox medicine cannot be overemphasized [1][2][3][4][5] . According Mahesh and Satish (2008), the parts of plant used in medicine include the twig, stem, root, flower, fruit.…”

“…The use of these plant parts in medicine spanned throughout all cultures and civilization 6 . Plant derived substances have recently attracted great research interest owing to their versatile application 1,7,8 .…”

Acute and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Extract of Securidaca Longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae) Root Barks in Rodents.

“…ALT is localised in the cell cytoplasm while AST is found both in mitochondria and cytoplasm (Prosper et al, 2010). Then, as liver and heart releases ALT and AST in blodd, an increase of their levels in plasma are strong indicators of liver and heart damage (Wasan et al, 2001 ;Mythilypriya et al, 2007). However, ALT is more specific to the liver and is thus a better parameter for detecting liver injury.…”