Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw., Seeds Oil Antidiabetic Potential Using In Vivo, In Vitro, In Situ, and Ex Vivo Approaches to Reveal Its Underlying Mechanism of Action

Abstract

Opuntia dillenii Ker Gawl. is one of the medicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Morocco. This study aims to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of Opuntia dillenii seed oil (ODSO), its mechanism of action, and any hypoglycemic risk and toxic effects. The antihyperglycemic effect was assessed using the OGTT test in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The mechanisms of action were explored by studying the effect of ODSO on the intestinal absorption of d-glucose using the intestinal in situ single-pass perfusion technique. An Ussing chamber was used to explore the effects of ODSO on intestinal sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). Additionally, ODSO’s effect on carbohydrate degrading enzymes, pancreatic α-amylase, and intestinal α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using STZ-diabetic rats. The acute toxicity test on mice was performed, along with a single-dose hypoglycemic effect test. The results showed that ODSO significantly attenuated the postprandial hyperglycemia in normal and STZ-diabetic rats. Indeed, ODSO significantly decreased the intestinal d-glucose absorption in situ. The ex vivo test (Ussing chamber) showed that the ODSO significantly blocks the SGLT1 (IC50 = 60.24 µg/mL). Moreover, ODSO indu\ced a significant inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase (IC50 = 278 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and pancreatic α-amylase (IC50 = 0.81 ± 0.09 mg/mL) in vitro. A significant decrease of postprandial hyperglycemia was observed in sucrose/starch-loaded normal and STZ-diabetic ODSO-treated rats. On the other hand, ODSO had no risk of hypoglycemia on the basal glucose levels in normal rats. Therefore, no toxic effect was observed in ODSO-treated mice up to 7 mL/kg. The results of this study suggest that ODSO could be suitable as an antidiabetic functional food.

Phytochemistry and biological activities of Opuntia seed oils: Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. and Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. A review

“…Moreover, O. dillenii seed oil induced a significant inhibition of the intestinal α-glucosidase (IC 50 =278.00±0.01 μg/ml) and the pancreatic α-amylase (IC 50 =0.81±0.09 mg/ml) in vitro. A significant decrease of the postprandial hyperglycaemia was observed in sucrose/starch-loaded normal and STZ-diabetic ODSO-treated rats [52].…”

“…Moreover, the atherogenic index in rats treated with the oil-enriched diet was significantly lower than in the control group [56]. The treatment of diabetic rats for four weeks with oil quantities of 1 and 2 ml/kg significantly reduced the cholesterol and the triglycerides amount [52]. Also, Bouhrim et al showed that the daily intake of the seed oil of O. dillenii significantly attunes the increase in the cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio, and the atherogenic index levels in albino mice that were fed with a high-fat diet.…”

“…Besides, O. dillenii seed oil ameliorated the excretory function of the liver, and decreased the total and the direct bilirubin plasma levels. Moreover, O. dillenii seed oil also ameliorated the metabolic function of the liver by the restoration of triglycerides, glucose and VLDL-c to normal values, while compared to the CCl 4 control group [52]. Furthermore, the treatment of diabetic rats for four weeks with an O. dillenii seed oil in a quantity of 1 and 2 ml/kg protected the hepatotoxicity produced by streptozotocin in diabetic rats by the reduction in ALT and AST [52].…”

Linking the Phytochemicals and the α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Nigella sativa Seed Extracts

“…In this regard, the management of diabetes mellitus requires accurate postprandial glycemic control by decreasing glucose absorption. This is possible via the inhibition of carbohydrate enzymes [3].…”

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil from Cistus ladanifer L.

“…The strains chosen for this research are of great interest in the areas of clinical and public health. Their increasing resistance to conventional drugs has prompted further research into new, more effective options, particularly natural products [43,44]. S. aureus (Gram-positive) is a member of the indigenous human microflora and may be found asymptomatically in a variety of bodily locations.…”