Optimum preparation of low-resistivity indium tin oxide nanopowders via polyacrylamide gel route using orthogonal experiment

Adsorption of anionic polyelectrolyte on an SiC surface and effects on dispersion stability

“…For orthogonal experiment results, a range analysis was conducted to identify the significance degree of different factors on the viscosity of modified SiC slurry. The average values of viscosity for three levels in every factor are defined as K 1 j , K 2 j , K 3 j ( j = A , B , C , D ) 42,43 . For example, the calculation on the average value of A factor is shown as follows: $$\begin{equation}{\rm{\;}}{K_{1A}} = \frac{{49 + 56 + 55 + 45 + 34 + 35}}{6}{\rm{\;}} = {\rm{\;}}45.7\end{equation}$$ $$\begin{equation}{K_{2A}} = \frac{{61 + 64 + 39 + 44 + 47 + 40}}{6} = 49.2\end{equation}$$ $$\begin{equation}{K_{3A}} = \frac{{56 + 61 + 63 + 60 + 58 + 56}}{6} = 59\end{equation}$$…”

“…Afterward, the variance analysis was used to further evaluate the significance of every factor and study the data fluctuation of every factor level resulted from experimental errors 44 . F value indicates the significance of every factor effect in variance analysis 42 . F value for every factor can be determined by calculating the sum of square deviations and freedom degree for every factor and experimental error, respectively 44 .…”

“…The average values of viscosity for three levels in every factor are defined as K 1j , K 2j , K 3j (j = A, B, C, D). 42,43 For example, the calculation on the average value of A factor is shown as follows:…”

“…44 F value indicates the significance of every factor effect in variance analysis. 42 F value for every factor can be determined by calculating the sum of square deviations and freedom degree for every factor and experimental error, respectively. 44 The constant F α is defined as the critical value for different inspection levels and can be obtained from the distribution table of F value.…”