Optimum design and operation of ice-storage air-conditioning systems under Australian TOU tariffs

Istore—a model to simulate and optimise the operation of ice-storage air-conditioning systems

“…Since these differ somewhat with regard to cost and technical characteristics, we have selected the CRISTOPIA STL ice-ball storage system, which has recently been introduced into Australia, to guide the development of the ISTORE model and to provide specific technical data for this study (Elliot and Blakemore, 1988). This system was described in an earlier paper (Musgrove et al, 1989), but is repeated here for completeness. The STL design, although not the cheapest, is more technically sophisticated than ice-bath type systems and comprises a fully enclosed storage vessel filled with spherical polypropylene nodules.…”

“…Peak and off-peak charging hours are specified on input, along with maximum demand and energy rates. The example calculation uses the SCC alternative TOU demand tariff, which has increased somewhat since the earlier study of Musgrove et al (1989). Also, seasonal variations in the cost of electrical energy have now been eliminated.…”

“…Nevertheless, the past five years have seen several new buildings in Sydney adopt partial or full ice storage systems to reduce demand charges (Hurley, 1986, Thomas, 1985, and interest in these systems is increasing (Electricity Technology Centre, 1988). In a previous paper on this subject, Musgrove et al (1989) investigated the economics of using ice storage AC systems under the differently shaped TOU tariffs on offer in Sydney and Melbourne. The mathematical programming techniques implemented in the proprietary DYNASTOR package (Bannister and Stocks, 1987), were used to calculate optimum store control strategies for different seasonal and load conditions.…”

Exergy analysis of ice storage air-conditioning system with heat pipe during charging period

“…The reduction in size and cost of the cooling equipment can thus partially or completely offset the cost of storage equipment. Therefore, a properly cool storage air-conditioning system can reduce operating costs and the size of the chilling equipment, provide back-up cooling capacity, and extend the capacity of conventional air-conditioning system (Musgrove et al, 1989;Hasnain, 1998;Limmeechokchai and Chungpaibulpatana, 2001;Chan et al, 2006;Habeebullah, 2007a,b).…”