Optimizing the Utilization of Cereal Crop Residues for Beef Cattle

Males, J. R.

doi:10.2527/jas1987.6541124x

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In practice, only a small portion of global straw is used in industry production or animal feeding, most is left in the field or burned (Sarkar et al, 2012). However, if effectively used as a primary feedstuff for ruminants like beef cattle, straw could be an important renewable resource (Males, 1987). As the world demands the increases for grain supplies and livestock products, the economics and practicality of converting straw to more usable forms will become more crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Steam Explosion onIn VitroGas Production Kinetics and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Three Common Straws

He¹,

Meng²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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To investigate the effect of steam explosion on in vitro gas production (GP) and rumen fermentation profiles of common straws, in vitro cultivation was conducted for 96 h with the rumen fluid collected from steers. Different types of straw had various chemical compositions, which were affected by steam explosion (P<0.01). Steam explosion increased (P<0.01) the rate and volume of GP, lag time disappeared and asymptotic GP decreased, which were also affected (P<0.01) by the type of straw. The type of straw influenced (P<0.05) the final pH, while steam explosion exerted an effect (P<0.01) on the ammonia-nitrogen concentration. The proportions of individual volatile fatty acid (VFA), except acetate (A), differed (P<0.05) among the feeds. Steam explosion increased total VFA production and the proportion of propionate (P), while decreased the proportions of A, isobutyrate and valerate as well as the ratio A/P (P<0.01). The type of straw had an effect (P<0.05) on the activities of avicelase and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), while steam explosion increased (P<0.01) the activities of avicelase, CMCase, β-glucanase and xylanase. The available energy concentrations and digestibilities differed (P<0.01) in the feeds and were increased (P<0.05) with steam explosion processing. The interaction straw type×treat-ments was significant (P<0.05) for most monitored parameters. These results suggest that steam explosion could improve rumen fermentability and energy utilisation of straw, being an effective pre-treatment method in feed industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Steam Explosion onIn VitroGas Production Kinetics and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Three Common Straws

He¹,

Meng²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…Comparando os teores de PB dos dois grupos de fenos, determinou-se que a amonização propiciou incremento dos teores de PB da ordem de 0,61; 0,94; 1,95; 1,36; e 0,83% nas cinco épocas de corte, respectivamente. Os maiores teores de PB até o corte aos 90 dias devem-se ao fato de que, quanto mais adiantado o estádio vegetativo do material a ser amonizado e, portanto, menor a qualidade, maior será a diferença constatada entre materiais tratados ou não (Sundstøl & Coxworth, 1984;Males, 1987); já a diminuição a partir de então deve-se ao decrés-cimo natural dos teores de PB que as plantas apresentam em final de ciclo vegetativo, bem como em função de que em estádio vegetativo mais avançado aumenta a dificuldade de penetração do NH 3 no material amonizado (Theander & Åman, 1984), diminuindo assim a diferença dos teores de PB entre os dois grupos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…No que se refere aos teores de LIG, resultados dessa natureza são passíveis de ocorrer, uma vez que a deslignificação acontece primeiramente a partir de pH acima de 8 e valores de pH dessa ordem são obtidos principalmente quando da utilização de álcalis fortes (NaOH; KOH), que promovem uma deslignificação mais eficiente (Males, 1987). No caso da amonização com NH 3 , que é uma base mais fraca que os álcalis, ocorre menor deslignificação, sendo o tratamento menos eficiente quanto maior a fermentação dentro do silo (Van Soest, 1994c).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito da amonização com uréia sobre os parâmetros de qualidade do feno do capim-Annoni 2 (Eragrostis plana Nees)

et al. 2002

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RESUMO -Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito da amonização do feno de capim-Annoni 2 (Eragrostis plana Nees) com 4% de uréia, em base de matéria seca, sobre os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose (HEM), celulose (CEL) e lignina (LIG) e o coeficiente da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO), em cinco épocas de corte (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 dias). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualisados, em número de quatro, num arranjo fatorial (2x5) com dois fatores: tratamento dos fenos (2) e épocas de corte (5). A comparação entre os dois grupos de fenos (amonizados ou não) demonstrou que a amonização propiciou aumento altamente significativo dos teores de PB. Por outro lado, a fração de FDA decresceu significantemente, juntamente com os teores de CEL, em função do tratamento com uréia. Não foram detectadas diferenças entre os tratamentos, relativamente aos teores de FDN, HEM, LIG e ao coeficiente da DIVMO. Inferiu-se que: 1. a amonização do feno de capimAnnoni 2 não afetou os teores de FDN , HEM, LIG e os coeficientes da DIVMO; 2. tratamento do feno de capim-Annoni 2 com uréia propiciou aumento nos teores de PB e decréscimo nos teores de FDA e CEL; 3. o capim-Annoni 2 pode ser fenado até os 90 dias de crescimento, sem que ocorram modificações expressivas dos parâmetros de qualidade, desde que o feno seja amonizado.Palavras-chave: celulose, fibra detergente ácido, fibra detergente neutro, hemicelulose, lignina, proteína bruta Effect of Urea-Ammonia Treatment on the Quality Parameters of Annonigrass 2 (Eragrostis plana Nees) HayABSTRACT -This study aimed to evaluate the ammoniation effect on the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), cellulose (CEL) and lignin (LIG) levels and the in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) coefficient of urea-ammonia treated (4%; dry matter basis) Annonigrass 2 (Eragrostis plana Nees) hay, at five cutting ages (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 days). A randomized complete block design was used, with four replicates in a factorial arrangement (2x5), with two factors: hay treatments (2) and cutting ages (5). The comparison among hay groups (ammoniated or not) showed a highly significant increase on the CP contents of ammoniated hay. On the other hand, FDA and CEL fraction significantly decreased as a function of urea-ammonia treatment. No differences were found for NDF, HEM, LIG contents and the IVOMD coefficients among hay groups. It was concluded that: 1. ammoniation does not affect NDF, HEM, LIG levels and IVOMD coefficients; 2. urea-ammonia treatment of Annonigrass 2 hay promotes an increase on the CP contents and a decrease on the ADF and CEL contents of this grass; 3. Annonigrass 2 hay is feasible up to 90 days of growth without prejudice to the quality parameters, since urea-ammonia is treated.Key Words: acid detergent fiber, cellulose, crude protein, hemicellulose, lignin, neutral detergent fiber R. Bras. Zootec., v.31, n.2, p.842-8...

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“…Ni I'ammonisation, ni le foin de m6lilot n'agissent (P>0,05) sur la digestibilit6 de la cellulose au d6tergent acide. (Males 1987). Wheat, clover is adapted to a wide variety of climates barley and oat straws are the most commonly and soil conditions (Smith and Gorz 1965 Mann et al 1988 (Snedecor and Cochran 1973) vMain effect of ammoniation of FS was significant (P<0.01).…”

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confidence: 97%

Effects of ammoniation and supplementation with sweet clover hay on intake and digestibility of flax straw by sheep

Howard¹,

Cohen²,

Kernan³

1991

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1991. Effects of ammoniation and supplementation with sweet clover hay on intake and digestibility of flax straw by sheep. Can. J. Anim' Sci. 7l: [599][600][601][602]. Flax straw 6S; *ur fed either untreated or ammoniated (3.5 % of DM) in varying proportions with sweet clover hay (SC) to lambs. The addition of SC to both untreated and ammoniated FS increased organic matter i;take (OMI), digestible OMI (DOMD, organic matter digestibility (OMD) (p<0.001) ind neurral detefgenrfibfe dig;sdbility (NDFD)

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Optimizing the Utilization of Cereal Crop Residues for Beef Cattle

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Steam Explosion onIn VitroGas Production Kinetics and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Three Common Straws

Effect of Steam Explosion onIn VitroGas Production Kinetics and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Three Common Straws

Efeito da amonização com uréia sobre os parâmetros de qualidade do feno do capim-Annoni 2 (Eragrostis plana Nees)

Effects of ammoniation and supplementation with sweet clover hay on intake and digestibility of flax straw by sheep

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