Optimizing the concrete strength of lightweight concrete containing nano palm oil fuel ash and palm oil clinker using response surface method

Properties and durability of self‐compacting concrete incorporated with nanosilica, fly ash, and limestone powder

“…15,16 It is defined as a particle with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. 17 Over the last 10 years, nano products have been utilized to improve the quality and durability of products, and new approaches have been developed to handle all related problems. 18 Nanotechnology use has spread throughout the construction field because it can improve construction-material performance by modifying or creating microstructures at the nano-and microlevels.…”

“…A nanoparticle is a microscopic particle whose size is measured in nanometers 15,16 . It is defined as a particle with at least one dimension less than 100 nm 17 . Over the last 10 years, nano products have been utilized to improve the quality and durability of products, and new approaches have been developed to handle all related problems 18 .…”

A systematic study on sustainable low carbon cement – Superplasticizer interaction: Fresh, mechanical, microstructural and durability characteristics

“…The main oxide in GGBFS is silicon dioxide, ranging from 32.71% to 40.98%. Concrete containing by-product wastes like Rice husk ash, cotton stalk, palm leaf ash, and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) has been extensively studied by many researchers [ [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ]. These by-product wastes, especially POFA, are rich in silica content and exhibit high pozzolanic characteristics.…”

A novel TOPSIS linear programming model based on response surface methodology for determining optimal mixture proportions of lightweight concrete blocks containing sugarcane bagasse ash

“…Many benefits make lightweight concrete blocks a popular building material. They are valuable building materials because of their light weight, thermal insulation, fire resistance, durability, and low cost [ [33] , [34] , [35] ]. Utilizing agricultural waste in lightweight concrete block manufacturing can offer several advantages, including waste reduction, resource conservation, and environmental sustainability [ [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ].…”

“…(4) Straw [ [49] , [50] , [51] ]: Utilize straw, such as wheat straw or rice straw, as a lightweight filler material in the concrete mix. Straw can improve the thermal insulation properties of the blocks and reduce their overall weight and (5) Palm Oil Waste [ 34 , 52 ]: Explore the use of palm oil waste, such as palm oil boiler ash or empty fruit bunches, as a partial replacement for fine aggregates or as a lightweight filler material in the concrete mix. Palm oil waste can contribute to the strength and durability of lightweight concrete blocks.…”