Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Grindrod, Peter M.; Stabbins, R. B.; Motaghian, S.; Allender, E. J.; Cousins, C. R.; Rice, M. S.; Stephan, K.

doi:10.1029/2022ea002243

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Grindrod et al. (2022) showed that Mastcam‐Z indeed has improved performance over Mastcam in simulations of both instruments' spectral responses compared to laboratory spectral libraries and Mars orbital hyperspectral data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 978 nm, Mastcam-Z's R5 filter was selected to help capture narrow absorptions due to H 2 O and/or OH between 950 and 1,000 nm in hydrated minerals (e.g., Rice et al, 2010). Grindrod et al (2022) showed that Mastcam-Z indeed has Bell et al (2021) improved performance over Mastcam in simulations of both instruments' spectral responses compared to laboratory spectral libraries and Mars orbital hyperspectral data.…”

Section: Mastcam-z Instrument and Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor: A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance's Mastcam‐Z Instrument

Rice

Johnson

Million³

et al. 2023

JGR Planets

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NASA’s Mars‐2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying the mafic lava flows of the Máaz formation and the ultramafic cumulates of the Séítah formation, both of which have undergone minor alteration and are variably covered by coatings, dust and/or soil deposits. Documenting the rock and soil characteristics across the crater floor is critical for establishing the geologic context of Perseverance’s cached samples – which will eventually be returned to Earth – and for interpreting the deposition and modification of the Máaz and Séítah formations. Mastcam‐Z, a pair of multispectral, stereoscopic zoom‐lens cameras, provides broadband red/green/blue and narrowband visible to near‐infrared images (VNIR, 440‐1020 nm). From multipsectral observations from sols 0‐380, we compiled a database of ∼2400 representative Mastcam‐Z spectra. We analyzed principal components, spectral parameters and laboratory spectra of pure minerals and natural rock surfaces to interpret the spectral diversity of rocks and soils. We define eight spectral classes of rocks: Dusty, Hematite‐like, Coated, Low‐Ca Pyroxene‐like, Olivine‐like, Weathered Olivine‐like, Fe‐rich Pyroxene‐like, and Dark Oxide‐like. The variability of soil spectra in the Jezero crater floor is controlled primarily by the amount of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverse, with the exception of the area disturbed by the landing event. In comparison to rock spectra from the Curiosity rover’s Mastcam instrument in Gale crater, rocks on the Jezero crater floor are generally less spectrally diverse, but the Olivine‐like rocks within the Séítah formation represent new spectral classes in Mars surface exploration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mastcam-z Instrument and Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor: A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance's Mastcam‐Z Instrument

Rice

Johnson

Million³

et al. 2023

JGR Planets

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“…All CRISM data are available through the NASA PDS Geosciences Node CRISM Archive (https://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/mro/crism.htm). Our derived spectral library and CRISM data results are available at the Figshare Archive (Grindrod, 2022).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing ExoMars 2022 Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross-Rover Comparison using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Grindrod

Allender

Cousins

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The scientific objectives of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover mission are to (a) search for signs of past and present life on Mars, and (b) to characterize the geochemical environment as a function of depth in the shallow subsurface (Vago et al., 2015(Vago et al., , 2017. The primary remote sensing instrument on previous Mars landers and rovers has been multispectral imagers operating in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) wavelengths (e.g., Bell et al., 2019;Gunn & Cousins, 2016). In addition to allowing geomorphological interpretations of the surface, the acquisition of in situ spectral information can help determine the composition of the environment close to the lander or rover. Although diagnostic spectral features of planetary surfaces tend to occur at longer IR wavelengths (e.g., Clark, 2019;Mustard & Glotch, 2019;Rossman & Ehlmann, 2019), there are many examples of studies using VNIR multispectral imaging instruments to derive important compositional information about both crystalline and amorphous materials (e.g., Farrand et al., 2016), which not only allow deeper scientific investigations

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Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Grindrod

Stabbins

Motaghian

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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Multispectral imaging instruments have been core payload components of Mars lander and rover missions for several decades. In order to place into context the future performance of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the spectral performance of three visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) multispectral instruments. We have determined the root mean square error (RMSE) between the expected multispectral sampling of the instruments and high‐resolution spectral reflectance data, using both laboratory spectral libraries and Mars orbital hyperspectral data. ExoMars Panoramic Camera (PanCam) and Mars2020 Perseverance Mastcam‐Z instruments have similar values of RMSE, and are consistently lower than for Mars Science Laboratory Mastcam, across both laboratory and orbital remote sensing data sets. The performance across mineral groups is similar across all instruments, with the lowest RMSE values for hematite, basalt, and basaltic soil. Minerals with broader, or absent, absorption features in these visible wavelengths, such as olivine, saponite, and vermiculite have overall larger RMSE values. Instrument RMSE as a function of filter wavelength and bandwidth suggests that spectral parameters that use shorter wavelengths are likely to perform better. Our simulations of the spectral performance of the PanCam instrument will allow the future use of targeted filter selection during ExoMars 2022 Rosalind Franklin operations on Mars.

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Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor: A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance's Mastcam‐Z Instrument

Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor: A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance's Mastcam‐Z Instrument

Optimizing ExoMars 2022 Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross-Rover Comparison using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

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