Optimizing control of two-stage ammonia heat pump for fast regulation of power uptake

Meesenburg, Wiebke; Markussen, Wiebke Brix; Ommen, Torben Schmidt; Elmegaard, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115126

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Future commercial arrangements through aggregators and others will potentially further reward flexibility from heat pumps that can contribute to local network and wider grid electricity services such as local power purchase agreements avoiding curtailment, frequency response and other longer-term balancing requirements [14,15], engagement in these services will also require communication and control solutions [16].…”

Section: Existing and Future Electricity Tariffsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning level sizing of heat pumps and hot water tanks incorporating model predictive control and future electricity tariffs

Lyden

Tuohy

2022

Energy

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Section: Existing and Future Electricity Tariffsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning level sizing of heat pumps and hot water tanks incorporating model predictive control and future electricity tariffs

Lyden

Tuohy

2022

Energy

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“…According to the adsorption process, adsorption heat pumps can be divided into three categories: 6 physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, and mixed adsorption. Ammonia, 7 acetone, 8 water vapor, 9 etc., are commonly used adsorbents in adsorption heat pumps. Because water is easily available and harmless, more adsorption heat pump systems choose water vapor as the adsorbate material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Water Vapor Sorption Performance and Heat Storage of MIL-101 (Cr) Complex MgCl₂, LiCl/LaCl₃ System for Adsorptive Thermal Conversion

Liu,

Wu,

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Adsorption heat conversion systems can provide heating and cooling across time and space in a more environmentally friendly way. Porous materials are potential candidates for water-based adsorption thermal conversion, in which a metal–organic framework (MOF) has a larger specific surface area and porosity than other porous matrices. However, many MOFs with high saturated adsorption capacity have great deficiencies in performance at low water vapor partial pressure, which hinder their application in adsorption thermal conversion. To improve the water vapor adsorption performance of MIL-101 (Cr), different contents of magnesium chloride, lithium chloride, and lanthanum chloride are mixed into MIL-101 (Cr) by an impregnation method. The properties and structures of the materials are characterized by XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption tests, water vapor adsorption tests, TG, FTIR, and so on. The results show that the saturated water vapor adsorption capacity of the sample impregnated with salt increases by 1.5–2.3 times, up to 2.24 g/g, compared with that of the unimpregnated sample. When the partial pressure of water vapor is 0.3, the adsorption capacity increases by 5.3–7.5 times and reaches 0.68 g/g at most. The maximum heat storage density of impregnated samples can be increased by 866 J/g. Impregnated MgCl2 can greatly improve the adsorption and thermal conversion performance of MOF, and impregnated MgCl2 and the proper amount of LiCl can further improve the performance of the material system. Our experiments show that the composite impregnation of magnesium chloride and the proper amount of lithium chloride can improve the application performance of the MOF materials in the adsorption thermal conversion process.

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“…Other studies investigated the capability of HPs in supporting transmission and system operators by providing ancillary services. Meesenburg et al [46] found that large two-stage ammonia HPs can provide ancillary services thanks to their capability to quickly vary the electrical energy consumed. More specifically, the authors estimated that the HP's power input could be varied by about 50% in 85 s while maintaining a safe compressor's operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Thermodynamic and Control Modeling of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump for Estimating Energy-Saving Potential and Flexibility in the Building Sector

et al. 2023

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Reversible heat pumps are increasingly adopted for meeting the demand for space heating and cooling in buildings. These technologies will play a key role not only in the decarbonization of space air conditioning but also in the development of 100% renewable energy systems. However, to assess the achievable benefits through the adoption of these technologies in novel applications, reliable models are needed, capable of simulating both their steady-state operation and dynamic response at different conditions in terms of heating loads, outdoor temperatures, and so on. The operation of heat pumps is often investigated by highly simplified models, using performance data drawn from catalogs and paying scarce attention to the critical influence of controllers. In this respect, this paper proposed an integrated thermodynamic and control modeling for a reversible air-to-water heat pump. The study considered a heat pump alternatively equipped with variable-speed compressors and constant-speed compressors with sequential control. The developed modeling was then used to investigate the operation of an air-to-water heat pump serving an office building in Italy. Results show that the model provided insights into the transient operation of variable-speed heat pumps (e.g., the settling time). Regarding constant-speed heat pumps, the model provided hints of interest to the control engineer to prevent, in the examined case study, the risk of quick compressors cycling on low-load heating days or when low-temperature heating devices are supplied. Finally, using a control strategy based on a heating curve for the variable-speed heat pump, results show the potential for a sensible increase in the average coefficient of performance, from 17% up to 50%.

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Optimizing control of two-stage ammonia heat pump for fast regulation of power uptake

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Planning level sizing of heat pumps and hot water tanks incorporating model predictive control and future electricity tariffs

Planning level sizing of heat pumps and hot water tanks incorporating model predictive control and future electricity tariffs

Characterization of Water Vapor Sorption Performance and Heat Storage of MIL-101 (Cr) Complex MgCl₂, LiCl/LaCl₃ System for Adsorptive Thermal Conversion

Integrated Thermodynamic and Control Modeling of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump for Estimating Energy-Saving Potential and Flexibility in the Building Sector

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Optimizing control of two-stage ammonia heat pump for fast regulation of power uptake

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Planning level sizing of heat pumps and hot water tanks incorporating model predictive control and future electricity tariffs

Planning level sizing of heat pumps and hot water tanks incorporating model predictive control and future electricity tariffs

Characterization of Water Vapor Sorption Performance and Heat Storage of MIL-101 (Cr) Complex MgCl2, LiCl/LaCl3 System for Adsorptive Thermal Conversion

Integrated Thermodynamic and Control Modeling of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump for Estimating Energy-Saving Potential and Flexibility in the Building Sector

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Product

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Characterization of Water Vapor Sorption Performance and Heat Storage of MIL-101 (Cr) Complex MgCl₂, LiCl/LaCl₃ System for Adsorptive Thermal Conversion