“…The main pretreatment methods that have been used recently are grinding/milling (Kumar, Barrett, Delwiche, & Stroeve, ), alkali treatment (Choi et al, ; Ferrer, Byers, Sulbarán‐de‐Ferrer, Dale, & Aiello, ; Yoo, Nghiem, Hicks, & Kim, ; Zheng, Zhao, Xu, & Li, ), acid treatment (Jacobsen & Wyman, ; J. S. Kim, Lee, & Torget, ), organosolv treatment (K. Zhang, Pei, & Wang, ; X. Zhao, Li, Wu, & Liu, ; You, Li, Lei, Xing, & Jiang, ; Yu et al, ; Zhou et al, ), steam/steam explosion (K. Wang, Jiang, Xu, & Sun, ; Z. H. Liu & Chen, ), hot water/autohydrolysis (Garrote, Dominguez, & Parajo, ; Timung et al, ; Vázquez, Alonso, Domínguez, & Parajó, ), ionic liquid treatment (Brandt et al, ; C. Li et al, ), biological treatment (Kumar et al, ; Sindhu, Binod, & Pandey, ; Zeng, Singh, & Chen, ), and so on. Each pretreatment varies widely in terms of its effects on the physical and chemical characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass (Alvira, Tomás‐Pejó, Ballesteros, & Negro, ).…”