Optimized seamless handover scheme with information and decision server‐assisted partially distributed mobility management in heterogeneous 5th generation wireless networks

Abstract

Summary Existing mobile network architectures are flatter and employ a centralized mobility management (CMM) scheme, where the entire intelligence is focused on the single‐end, which leads to low scalability, lack of dynamic mobility support, suboptimal routing, and insufficiency to support large volumes of data. The fifth‐generation (5G) networks demand high‐speed seamless connections to the best‐connected network irrespective of user position and connectivity. Further, seamless handover has to be carried out between wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), and long‐term evolution (LTE). This paper aims to propose a distributed mobility management (DMM) solution in order to bring the mobility anchor point nearer to the mobile node (MN) to support the acceptable quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) provision to end users. An information and decision server (IDS)‐based partial DMM scheme (IDS‐PDMM) is suggested to support optimized handover in internet protocol (IP)‐based heterogeneous architecture. The IDS estimates the nearest candidate network for MN during handover and thus provides a seamless connection for delay‐sensitive applications. The performance of the presented approach is compared with the existing CMM scheme and the simulation results prove that the IDS‐PDMM efficiently minimizes the handover delay and packet loss rate with guaranteed QoS provision.

Influence of seamless nursing model of humanistic care on nursing quality and blood infection risk of neurosurgical ICU patients and its correlation with APACHE II score

“…The good nursing management system ensures the smooth nursing process, thereby effectively improving the quality of nursing, reducing the incidence of patient infection, and enabling ICU patients to receive highquality and safe nursing services during the treatment process. Humanistic care nursing is based on the principle of "humanoriented", which can show more emotional respect and love for patients while carrying out routine nursing (9). The main reasons for the analysis are that after nutritional support based on the seamless nursing model based on humanistic care, the patient's immunity can be notoriously improved; the standardized application of antibiotics can effectively prevent superinfection and the formation of drug-resistant bacteria; strengthening environmental management and oral care can prevent respiratory infections; good disinfection of the urethra and catheter can effectively reduce the risk of infection and avoid urinary tract infections by closely monitoring the situation of the surgical incision and puncture site, and changing the bandage in time, as well as helping the patients turn over regularly, to effectively prevent skin and soft tissue infections (10,11).…”

Measurement of low‐loss aqueous solutions permittivity with high detection accuracy by a contact and free‐label resonance microwave sensor

“…38 Gas sensors are able to detect their presence and type, and they are very useful in industries. 39,40 The various methods used in the papers include rat race coupled, 41 parallel coupled, 42 phase variation, 43 near-field self-injection-locked and spiral bandgap, 44 GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit, 45 coplanar waveguide-fed wearable antenna, 46 ring loaded monopole antenna, 47 wireless networks, 48,49 and split-ring resonators (SRR). [50][51][52] In Ebrahimi et al, 53 the dielectric properties of the samples are determined using a complementary SRR (CSRR) structure.…”