Optimized production of gamma poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA) using sago

Mohanraj, Rajamanickam; Gnanamangai, Balasubramanian Mythili; Ramesh, Kanthasamy; Priya, P. B.; Srisunmathi, Ravichandran; Poornima, Shanmugam; Ponmurugan, Ponnusamy; Robinson, J. Philip

doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101413

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the previous work, B. subtilis natto could produce high-yields of γ-PGA and nattokinase under the solid-state fermentation, respectively [ 35 , 36 ]. Based on this phenomenon, a communal study of γ-PGA and nattokinase was conducted in this study using soybeans as substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the mechanism of production of γ-PGA and nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis natto based on RNA-seq analysis

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Microb Cell Fact

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and nattokinase (NK) are the main substances produced by Bacillus subtilis natto in solid-state fermentation and have wide application prospects. We found that our strains had higher activity of nattokinase when soybeans were used as substrate to increase the yield of γ-PGA. Commercial production of γ-PGA and nattokinase requires an understanding of the mechanism of co-production. Here, we obtained the maximum γ-PGA yield (358.5 g/kg, w/w) and highest activity of NK during fermentation and analyzed the transcriptome of Bacillus subtilis natto during co-production of γ-PGA and NK. By comparing changes in expression of genes encoding key enzymes and the metabolic pathways associated with the products in genetic engineering, the mechanism of co-production of γ-PGA and nattokinase can be summarized based on RNA-seq analysis. This study firstly provides new insights into the mechanism of co-production of γ-PGA and nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis natto and reveals potential molecular targets to promote the co-production of γ-PGA and nattokinase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the mechanism of production of γ-PGA and nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis natto based on RNA-seq analysis

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Microb Cell Fact

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show abstract

“…In the previous work, B. subtilis natto could produce a high-yield of γ-PGA and nattokinase in the solidstate fermentation, respectively (Mohanraj R et al, 2019;Lan G et al, 2020). In this study, soybean was used as basic substrate for co-producing γ-PGA and nattokinase based on this phenomenon.…”

Section: Co-producing Of γ-Pga and Nattokinasementioning

confidence: 89%

Study on Mechanism of γ-PGA and Nattokinase Produced by Bacillus Subtilis Natto Based on RNA-Seq Analysis

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and nattokinase (NK) are the main substances produced by Bacillus subtilis natto in solid-state fermentation and have wide application prospects. We found that our strains have higher nattokinase activity when soybean is used as a substrate to improve the yield of γ-PGA. Commercial production of γ-PGA and nattokinase requires an understanding of the co-production mechanism. Here, we monitored the metabolites of the fermentation process firstly, analyzed the transcriptome of Bacillus subtilis natto when co-producing γ-PGA and NK, and obtained the maximum γ-PGA yield (11.39 ± 0.38%, w/w) and highest activity of NK during fermentation. By comparing the up-regulated genes and down-regulated genes of key enzymes and product-related metabolic pathways for genetic engineering, the co-production mechanism of γ-PGA and nattokinase can be summarized. This study firstly provides new insights into the co-production mechanism of γ-PGA and nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis natto, and reveals potential molecular targets for promoting the co-production of γ-PGA and nattokinase.

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“…Mohanraj et al [32] compared γ-PGA production by B. subtilis 2756 using soybean and sago as substrates in both glutamate-dependent and non-dependent fermentation media. The substrates were used at 90 g/l for the glutamate-dependent media and 75 g/l for glutamate independent.…”

Section: γ-Pga Production and Medium Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RSM was used to optimize the concentration of L-glutamic acid, NaCl, and yeast extract contents of the media. The optimized media resulted in an approximately 7% increase in γ-PGA production [32]. γ-PGA was said to be produced by the organism in both glutamate-and non-glutamate-dependent media.…”

Section: γ-Pga Production and Medium Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug delivery applications of poly-γ-glutamic acid

Balogun-Agbaje

Odeniyi

2021

Futur J Pharm Sci

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Background Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biopolymer of microbial origin, consisting of repeating units of l-glutamic acid and/or D-glutamic acid. The biopolymer has found use in the fields of agriculture, food, wastewater, and medicine, owing to its non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. Due to its biodegradability, γ-PGA is being tipped to dislodge synthetic plastics in drug delivery application. High cost of production, relative to plastics, is however a clog in the wheel of achieving this. Main body of abstract This review looked at the production, nanoparticles fabrication, and drug delivery application of γ-PGA. γ-PGA production optimization by modifying the fermentation medium to tailor towards the production of desirable polymer at reduced cost and techniques for the formulation of γ-PGA nanoparticle as well as its characterization were discussed. This review also evaluated the application of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles in the delivery of drugs to action site. Characterization of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles is a crucial step towards determining the applicability of the biopolymer. γ-PGA has been used in the delivery of active agents to action sites. Conclusion This review highlights some of the efforts that have been made in the appraisal of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles for drug delivery. γ-PGA is a candidate for future extensive use in drug delivery.

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Optimized production of gamma poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA) using sago

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Study on the mechanism of production of γ-PGA and nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis natto based on RNA-seq analysis

Study on the mechanism of production of γ-PGA and nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis natto based on RNA-seq analysis

Study on Mechanism of γ-PGA and Nattokinase Produced by Bacillus Subtilis Natto Based on RNA-Seq Analysis

Drug delivery applications of poly-γ-glutamic acid

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Optimized production of gamma poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA) using sago

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Study on the mechanism of production of γ-PGA and nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis natto based on RNA-seq analysis

Study on the mechanism of production of γ-PGA and nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis natto based on RNA-seq analysis

Study on Mechanism of γ-PGA&nbsp;and Nattokinase Produced by Bacillus Subtilis Natto Based on RNA-Seq Analysis

Drug delivery applications of poly-γ-glutamic acid

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Study on Mechanism of γ-PGA and Nattokinase Produced by Bacillus Subtilis Natto Based on RNA-Seq Analysis