Optimized planting time and co‐growth duration reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean by enhancing soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition

Ahmed, Sakir; Raza, Muhammad Ali; Yuan, Xiaohui; Du, Yanjun; Iqbal, Nasır; Chachar, Q. I.; Soomro, Aijaz Ahmed; Ibrahim, Faisal; Hussain, Sajad; Wang, Xingcai; Liu, Weiguo; Yang, Wenyu

doi:10.1002/fes3.226

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Under the maize-soybean intercropping the tall stature crops adversely affected the short stature crops at the both vegetative and reproductive stages as compared to relay intercropping in which the adverse effect could only be observed at vegetative stage [ 7 ]. However, in intercropping systems, the competition between the intercropped species could be decreased by fluctuating the planting time [ 126 ]. Most importantly, under relay intercropping systems, the crop sown first have more competition than the second crop [ 127 ].…”

Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is shown that fluctuating the planting time, 50 days of co-growth period of maize and soybean in relay intercropping system enhanced the crop growth rate 17–64% as compared to 70–90 days of co-growth period. In maize-soybean relay intercropping the soybean production was recorded maximum 2.11 t/ha at 50 days co-growth duration of maize and soybean [ 126 ].…”

Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.

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Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Thus, Optimized planting time of common bean reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole maize by enhancing maize resilience toward asymmetric competition. Parellele to this finding Ahmed et al [47] documented that Optimized co-growth duration of soybean in Soyabean-maize intercropping reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean. Moreover, authors have reported that the yield of main crops did not vary significantly with the staggered sowing of…”

Section: Maize Yield Attribute and Yieldmentioning

confidence: 92%

Response of maize and common bean to spatial and temporal differentiation in maize-common bean intercropping

et al. 2021

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An experiment on maize (Zea mays)-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping was conducted for two years (2014 and 2016) at two locations in North western Ethiopia with the objective of determining the spatial arrangement and planting date of common bean. Common bean intercropped with maize at three planting dates (simultaneously with maize, at emergence and knee height of maize) in two spatial arrangements (alternate and paired arrangements).The experimental design was factotrial randomized complete block design with three replications. Sole maize and common bean were included as a check. Results revealed that the spatial and temporal differentiation significantly affect only the agronomic attributes of common bean in common bean-maize intercropping. At Adet the grain yield of common bean (1.9 t ha-1), LER (1.99) and MAI (357) in maize-common bean intercropping was higher when common bean was planted at the same time with maize in paired planting pattern. On the other hand, maximum LER (1.61) and MAI (2.83) at Finoteselam were observed when common bean was intercropped with maize at maize emergence in paired planting pattern. Simultaneous intercropping of common bean with maize gave more stable total land output yield as compared to other intercropping systems but showed high variability as compared to the sole cropping. Thus, it can be concluded that planting common bean simultaneously with maize in paired planting pattern at Adet and planting common bean at maize emergence at Finoteselam in maize-common bean intercropping gave maximum land use efficiency and profitability of the cropping system without reducing the main crop yield (maize).This research also suggested further research on the compatibility of various maize and common bean varieties in different spatial and temporal differentiation.

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“…Co-growth duration between intercrop components in the intercropping system and fertilizer availability are influence yield of crops by regulate competition between intercrop components on growth factors, especially N (Ahmed et al, 2020;Coelho et al, 2022). Competition can be reduced by staggering the sowing dates of the companion crops in the intercropping system (Nyi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relay intercropping of maize with common dry beans to rationalize nitrogen fertilizer

El-Mehy

Shehata

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) and dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are important staple food and cash crops worldwide. Common bean in an intercrop with maize contributes to biological nitrogen fixation, which stabilize productivity of cropping systems and reduce negative environmental impacts and loss of biodiversity for sustainable agriculture. A field experiments was performed during the years of 2020 and 2021 at Sers El-Layian Station, northern Egypt. The current study aiming to study the effect of three sowing dates of maize, represent 3 co-growth duration [T1: at flowering stage (FS) of common beans (60 days co-growth duration), T2: 15 days after FS (45 days co-growth duration), and T3: 30 days after FS (30 days co-growth duration with beans)] and three N fertilizer levels (N1: 190.4, N2: 238.0, and N3: 285.6 kg N/ha of maize) on productivity, profitability and N fertilizer rationalization. The longest co-growth duration of maize intercropping with common beans (T1) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased common beans and maize yields compared with T2 and T3. Performance of common beans did not show (P ≤ 0.05) any variation under different N fertilizer levels of maize. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in maize yield and its components with raising N fertilizer level up to N3. Although there was no significant variation in maize yield when applied N2 and N3, however, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) higher in N2 than N3 by 18.34%. Regardless of planting time and N fertilizer level of maize, combined productivity of common beans and maize increased in the intercropped system as cleared by higher total land equivalent ratios (LER) and area time equivalent ratios (ATER). Highest LER value 1.99 was observed at the shortest co-growth period T3 under N3 followed by 1.97 with N2. Positive values in the actual yield loss index (AYL) indicated intercropping advantage. Different competition indices showed a greater dominance of maize over common beans (aggressivity, Ag; competitive ratio, CR; actual yield losses, AYL). However, the intercropping systems increased the economic advantage (intercropping advantage index, IAI and monetary advantage index MAI) over monoculture. These results imply that shortening the period of co-growth maize with common beans (T3) and applying 238.0 kg N/ha in the relay intercropping system reduced mineral N fertilizer use by 16.67% compared to the advised level 285.6 kg N/ha along with increased productivity per unit area and economic advantages for small-farmer.

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Optimized planting time and co‐growth duration reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean by enhancing soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Response of maize and common bean to spatial and temporal differentiation in maize-common bean intercropping

Relay intercropping of maize with common dry beans to rationalize nitrogen fertilizer

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