Optimized gas and water production from water-saturated hydrate-bearing sediment through step-wise depressurization combined with thermal stimulation

Guo, Xianwei; Xu, Lei; Wang, Bin; Sun, Lingjie; Liu, Yulong; Wei, Rupeng; Yang, Lei; Zhao, Jiafei

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115438

Cited by 80 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The pressure and temperature conditions in hydrate geological environments have been well-studied. In experiments and simulations, the pressure caused by the bottom layer and temperature changes caused by the geothermal activity are consistent with the field survey data. − Previous studies have found that the concentrations of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ vary greatly in different geological environments, while Na + and K + concentrations are fairly consistent. Furthermore, the concentration of SO 4 2– anions reaches zero below the sulfate reduction zone, while the concentration of Cl – changes little .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Self-Organized Colloids Thermodynamically Weaken the Effect of Salt on Methane Hydrate Formation

Liu

Feng

Zhao

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Natural gas hydrate deposits are typically rich in organic matter; they together with the host sediments play a crucial role in the nucleation and accumulation of gas hydrates, yet their potential thermodynamic effect on hydrate formation is rarely studied. In the present work, it was found that the deprotonated organic compounds could self-organize with the cations in the solution, forming organic colloids via coordination bonds. Elemental mapping showed that these organic colloids were filled with Ca 2+ and Na + ions as well as more concentrated organic matter surrounded by thin rings of Mg 2+ and Cl − ions. This was found to result in a concentration decrease of Ca 2+ and Na + ions in the solution with the presence of the colloids; the resulting decreased electrostatic effect of salt ions on water molecules would subsequently relieve the energy barrier of hydrate formation, showing a shift of the phase equilibrium conditions to a milder situation. This finding would be more nontrivial in low-permeability hydrate layers where mass exchange with the abundant ions in the seawater could be rather sluggish. The results could be of help in determining the local thickness and location of the gas hydrate stability zone and thereby the estimated reserves.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Self-Organized Colloids Thermodynamically Weaken the Effect of Salt on Methane Hydrate Formation

Liu

Feng

Zhao

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…As a different idea, Gao et al (2021) proposed to manage the water production by optimizing the depressurization process using data from laboratory experiments. Guo et al (2020) proposed that the stepwise control of the depressurization process can decrease the water production, with enhancement of gas production by thermal stimulation. For the actual field development, both soft (operational) and hard (physical) measures to control water production should be quite important for maintaining high EROI.…”

Section: Heat Demand and Output By Gas Production Methods Production Techniques And Theoretical And Laboratory Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Energy Efficiency of the Gas Production Technologies From Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

Yamamoto¹,

Nagakubo²

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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Even in the carbon-neutral age, natural gas will be valuable as environment-friendly fuel that can fulfill the gap between the energy demand and supply from the renewable energies. Marine gas hydrates are a potential natural gas source, but gas production from deposits requires additional heat input owing to the endothermic nature of their dissociation. The amount of fuel needed to produce a unit of energy is important to evaluate energy from economic and environmental perspectives. Using the depressurization method, the value of the energy return on investment or invested (EROI) can be increased to more than 100 for the dissociation process and to approximately 10 or more for the project life cycle that is comparable to liquefied natural gas (LNG) import. Gas transportation through an offshore pipeline from the offshore production facility can give higher EROI than floating LNG; however, the latter has an advantage of market accessibility. If the energy conversion from methane to hydrogen or ammonia at the offshore facility and carbon capture and storage (CCS) can be done at the production site, problems of carbon dioxide emission and market accessibility can be solved, and energy consumption for energy conversion and CCS should be counted to estimate the value of the hydrate resources.

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“…Feng et al [123] noted that hot water injection enhanced thermal convection. The combined method also reduces the secondary hydrate formation [49].…”

Section: Exploration Extraction and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Areas of Gas Hydrates Study: Review

2022

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Gas hydrates are widespread all over the world. They feature high energy density and are a clean energy source of great potential. The paper considers experimental and theoretical studies on gas hydrates in the following key areas: formation and dissociation, extraction and transportation technologies of natural methane hydrates, and ignition, and combustion. We identified a lack of research in more areas and defined prospects of further development of gas hydrates as a promising strategic resource. One of the immediate problems is that there are no research findings for the effect of sediments and their matrices on hydrate saturation, as well as on gas hydrate formation and dissociation rates. No mathematical models describe the dissociation of gas hydrates under various conditions. There is a lack of research into the renewal and improvement of existing technologies for the easier and cheaper production of gas hydrates and the extraction of natural gas from them. There are no models of gas hydrate ignition taking into account dissociation processes and the self-preservation effect.

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Optimized gas and water production from water-saturated hydrate-bearing sediment through step-wise depressurization combined with thermal stimulation

Cited by 80 publications

References 49 publications

Self-Organized Colloids Thermodynamically Weaken the Effect of Salt on Methane Hydrate Formation

Self-Organized Colloids Thermodynamically Weaken the Effect of Salt on Methane Hydrate Formation

Review of Energy Efficiency of the Gas Production Technologies From Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

Key Areas of Gas Hydrates Study: Review

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