Optimized electrolyzer operation: Employing forecasts of wind energy availability, hydrogen demand, and electricity prices

Grüger, Fabian; Hoch, O.; Hartmann, Jörn; Robinius, Martin; Stolten, Detlef

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.165

Cited by 60 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We run a set of optimal control experiments in real time on the Siemens SILYZER 100 electrolyzer located at PSI, solving problem (8) in an MPC fashion with decision and counter integration timesteps of one minute (∆ t = δ t = 1 min), and a four hour control horizon (N = 240 timesteps) that initially extends from 9:30-13:30 in the data described subsequently.…”

Section: Online Optimization and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We solve the MILP (8) in an MPC fashion for 240 timesteps, setting P el 0 = 0 kW and E 0 = 100 kW h for the initial timestep. We apply the resulting command at each timestep to the real electrolyzer, and measure the corresponding system behavior.…”

Section: Real-time Control Experiments Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that (8) is a MILP, with integer variables used in (4) to distinguish between the intervals where different approximations hold. The PWA approximations (1), (2), and (3) can be transformed into linear inequalities by using epigraph variables that take advantage of the underlying problem structure, while all other relations in (8) are linear equality or inequality constraints.…”

Section: Features Of the Optimization Problem Includementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We solve problem (8) in an MPC fashion, apply the resulting commands to the real electrolyzer, and examine Figure 11: Measured versus predicted next step temperature T , depicting associated one-step-ahead prediction error and corresponding commanded power P el . Close-up in temperature plot depicts cyclic behavior that is not predicted by linear model.…”

Section: Experimental Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrolyzer Modeling and Real-Time Control for Optimized Production of Hydrogen Gas

Flamm¹,

Pristipino²,

Büchi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<pre>We present a method that operates an electrolyzer to meet the demand of a hydrogen refueling station in a cost-effective manner by solving a model-based optimal control problem. To formulate the underlying problem, we first conduct an experimental characterization of a Siemens SILYZER 100 polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer with \SI{100}{\kilo \watt} of rated power. We run experiments to determine the electrolyzer's conversion efficiency and thermal dynamics as well as the overload-limiting algorithm used in the electrolyzer. The resulting detailed nonlinear models are used to design a real-time optimal controller, which is then implemented on the actual system. Each minute, the controller solves a deterministic, receding-horizon problem which seeks to minimize the cost of satisfying a given hydrogen demand, while using a storage tank to take advantage of time-varying electricity prices and photovoltaic inflow. We illustrate in simulation the significant cost reduction achieved by our method compared to others in the literature, and then validate our method by demonstrating it in real-time operation on the actual system. </pre>

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Section: Online Optimization and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Real-time Control Experiments Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Features Of the Optimization Problem Includementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrolyzer Modeling and Real-Time Control for Optimized Production of Hydrogen Gas

Flamm¹,

Pristipino²,

Büchi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alternatively, the aforementioned shortcomings of geospatial resolution constraints and linearized description of technologies can also be addressed within the framework of the pathway simulation, which-at the cost of the variety of analyzed pathways-enables the incorporation of more detailed technological properties and better geospatial resolution. Similarly to the optimization approach, the pathway analysis first and foremost relies on the generalized problem definition, which in this case is mainly concerned with a single component analysis [30][31][32][33][34] that focuses on technical aspects, as well as the scaling effects of supply chain components. Subsequently, the derived cost functions are then applied to simulate a countrywide [35][36][37][38] or sub-regional [39] hydrogen supply chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Hydrogen Markets for Transportation and Industry: The Impact of CO2 Taxes

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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The technological lock-in of the transportation and industrial sector can be largely attributed to the limited availability of alternative fuel infrastructures. Herein, a countrywide supply chain analysis of Germany, spanning until 2050, is applied to investigate promising infrastructure development pathways and associated hydrogen distribution costs for each analyzed hydrogen market. Analyzed supply chain pathways include seasonal storage to balance fluctuating renewable power generation with necessary purification, as well as trailer- and pipeline-based hydrogen delivery. The analysis encompasses green hydrogen feedstock in the chemical industry and fuel cell-based mobility applications, such as local buses, non-electrified regional trains, material handling vehicles, and trucks, as well as passenger cars. Our results indicate that the utilization of low-cost, long-term storage and improved refueling station utilization have the highest impact during the market introduction phase. We find that public transport and captive fleets offer a cost-efficient countrywide renewable hydrogen supply roll-out option. Furthermore, we show that, at comparable effective carbon tax resulting from the current energy tax rates in Germany, hydrogen is cost-competitive in the transportation sector by the year 2025. Moreover, we show that sector-specific CO2 taxes are required to provide a cost-competitive green hydrogen supply in both the transportation and industrial sectors.

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Strategy Proposals for Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Investments in Developing Countries

Ubay

2021

Contributions to Management Science

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Optimized electrolyzer operation: Employing forecasts of wind energy availability, hydrogen demand, and electricity prices

Cited by 60 publications

References 21 publications

Electrolyzer Modeling and Real-Time Control for Optimized Production of Hydrogen Gas

Electrolyzer Modeling and Real-Time Control for Optimized Production of Hydrogen Gas

Future Hydrogen Markets for Transportation and Industry: The Impact of CO2 Taxes

Strategy Proposals for Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Investments in Developing Countries

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