Optimization Parameters, Kinetics, and Mechanism of Naproxen Removal by Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation with a Hybrid Iron-Based Magnetic Catalyst

Abstract

This work presents a study of the assessment of the operating parameters of the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of naproxen (NAP) using magnetite/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4/MWCNTs) as a catalyst. The effect of pH, temperature, and H2O2 dosage on CWPO process was evaluated by using the response surface model (RSM), allowing us to obtain an optimum NAP removal of 82% at the following operating conditions: pH = 5, T = 70 °C, [H2O2]0 = 1.5 mM, and [NAP]0 = 10.0 mg/L. Therefore, NAP degradation kinetics were revealed to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and an activation energy value of 4.75 kJ/mol was determined. Adsorption and using only H2O2 experiments, both considered as blank tests, showed no significant removal of the pollutant. Moreover, Fe3O4/MWCNTs material exhibited good recyclability along three consecutive cycles, finding an average NAP removal percentage close to 80% in each cycle of 3 h reaction time. In addition, the scavenging tests confirmed that the degradation of NAP was mainly governed by •OH radicals attack. Two reaction sequences were proposed for the degradation mechanism according to the detected byproducts. Finally, the versatility of the catalyst was evidenced in the treatment of different environmentally relevant aqueous matrices (wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTP), surface water (SW), and a hospital wastewater (HW)) spiked with NAP, obtaining total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies after 8 h in the following order: NAP-SW > NAP-HW > NAP-WWTP.

Adsorption process of naproxen onto peanut shell‐derived biosorbent: important role of n–π interaction and van der Waals force

“…1 Pharmaceutical compounds that contaminate water ecosystem from a variety of sources (i.e., factory emissions, disposal of expired drugs, and excretion of humans and animals) have caused negative consequences for environment and human health. 2,3 Some previous studies have highlighted that more than 60 pharmaceutical compounds with concentrations ranging from 10 −1 to 10 5 ng L −1 are presenting in various systems such as groundwater, wastewater, surface water, and drinking water. 4,5 Worldwide, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac) are one of the most widely used drug groups for treating pain or inflammation.…”

“…Pharmaceuticals are contributing to increasing water pollution as a result of their widespread usage 1 . Pharmaceutical compounds that contaminate water ecosystem from a variety of sources (i.e., factory emissions, disposal of expired drugs, and excretion of humans and animals) have caused negative consequences for environment and human health 2,3 . Some previous studies have highlighted that more than 60 pharmaceutical compounds with concentrations ranging from 10 −1 to 10 5 ng L −1 are presenting in various systems such as groundwater, wastewater, surface water, and drinking water 4,5 …”

“…For this reason, various removal methods have been applied. They include coagulation–flocculation, 10 membrane bioreactor, 11 biodegradation, 12 phytoremediation, 13 photodegradation, 5 catalytic wet peroxide oxidation, 3 electrochemical oxidation, 2 photocatalysis, 1 ozonation, 14 catalytic ozonation, 15 sono‐catalysis, 16 Fenton‐like oxidation, 17 and adsorption 9 . Among them, adsorption can be considered as the most economical and feasible technology for the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions because of its relatively high removal efficiency, high reversibility, and low operating cost.…”

Ratiometric Detection of microRNA Using Hybridization Chain Reaction and Fluorogenic Silver Nanoclusters

“…The F y /F r values obtained from each data point were normalized to that of HCR-negative samples under the same condition, and employed as input parameters for JMP, a Design of Experiments (DoE) software. [24] Based on a response surface methodology, not only different experimental parameters can be simultaneously optimized, [25] one can also analyze the possible interactions among the parameters. A contour plot (Figure 2A) was built and analyzed using a prediction profiler (Figure S2).…”

Copper nickel co-impregnation of Moroccan yellow clay as promising catalysts for the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of caffeine

“…The oxidation process with H 2 O 2 using a heterogeneous catalyst is commonly known as catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). CWPO is one of the promising methods for the rate of pollutant degradation at mild temperature and pressure conditions [9,10,11,12], providing that, a suitable catalytic system is used, such as catalysts based on natural and pillared clays (PILCs). These materials are porous, developed by molecular design methods, prepared by exchanging the cations located in the interlayer space of clays with large inorganic polyoxo/hydroxo cations [13,14,15].…”