Abstract:Wind energy is currently one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources in the world. For this reason, research on methods to render wind farms more energy efficient is reasonable. The optimization of wind turbine positions within wind farms makes the exploitation of wind energy more efficient and the wind farms more competitive with other energy resources. The investment costs alone for substation and electrical infrastructure for offshore wind farms run around 15–30% of the total investment costs of the… Show more
“…Table 3 illustrates the significant savings achieved by increasing the number of cable types and improving the location of the substation in the Horns Rev 1 offshore wind project. It is also noted that there is a reduction in power losses in the new configuration of the station and with the modification of the type of cable compared to previous studies [31].…”
Wind power’s current growth rates are among the fastest in the world. Research on techniques to make wind farms more energy efficient is warranted for this reason. Optimizing the location of wind turbines within wind farms makes the use of wind energy more efficient and makes wind farms more competitive with other energy sources. The investment expenses for the only substations and electrical infrastructures of the offshore wind farms represent between 15 and 30% of the overall investment cost of the project, this leads us to study the optimization of the location of the substation. can reduce these expenses, which also reduces the total cable length inside the wind farm. Our objective is therefore to study the optimization of wind farms with two objective functions aimed at minimizing the costs of installing wind turbines and reducing connectivity between wind turbines using a metaheuristic PSO algorithm.
“…Table 3 illustrates the significant savings achieved by increasing the number of cable types and improving the location of the substation in the Horns Rev 1 offshore wind project. It is also noted that there is a reduction in power losses in the new configuration of the station and with the modification of the type of cable compared to previous studies [31].…”
Wind power’s current growth rates are among the fastest in the world. Research on techniques to make wind farms more energy efficient is warranted for this reason. Optimizing the location of wind turbines within wind farms makes the use of wind energy more efficient and makes wind farms more competitive with other energy sources. The investment expenses for the only substations and electrical infrastructures of the offshore wind farms represent between 15 and 30% of the overall investment cost of the project, this leads us to study the optimization of the location of the substation. can reduce these expenses, which also reduces the total cable length inside the wind farm. Our objective is therefore to study the optimization of wind farms with two objective functions aimed at minimizing the costs of installing wind turbines and reducing connectivity between wind turbines using a metaheuristic PSO algorithm.
“…There could be quite different design choices even for the same power plant projects. To capture possible and rational development features of future wind and solar PV projects, we check the relevant project technical reports and the literature, − and estimate the most typical engineering designs of these projects at present and their future development trends. Full details can be found in Section 1.2 in the Supporting Information.…”
Wind and solar photovoltaic
(PV) power form vital parts
of the
energy transition toward renewable energy systems. The rapid development
of these two renewables represents an enormous infrastructure construction
task including both power generation and its associated electrical
grid systems, which will generate demand for metal resources. However,
most research on material demands has focused on their power generation
systems (wind turbines and PV panels), and few have studied the associated
electrical grid systems. Here, we estimate the global metal demands
for electrical grid systems associated with wind and utility-scale
PV power by 2050, using dynamic material flow analysis based on International
Energy Agency’s energy scenarios and the typical engineering
parameters of transmission grids. Results show that the associated
electrical grids require large quantities of metals: 27–81
Mt of copper cumulatively, followed by 20–67 Mt of steel and
11–31 Mt of aluminum. Electrical grids built for solar PV have
the largest metal demand, followed by offshore and onshore wind. Power
cables are the most metal-consuming electrical components compared
to substations and transformers. We also discuss the decommissioning
issue of electrical grids and their recovery potential. This study
would deepen the understanding of the nexus between renewable energy,
grid infrastructure, and metal resources.
“…where g 0 denotes the terrain roughness, and h i is WT hub height. The wake radius may be calculated using the linear wake model's conical wake area [63,64]:…”
Section: Wake Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The logarithmic law is used to extrapolate the wind speed at the j th WT's hub height based on the wind speed at a reference height [64,65].…”
In this paper, the Wind Farm Layout Optimization/Expansion (WFLO/E) problem is formulated in a multi-objective optimization way with specific constraints. Furthermore, a new approach is proposed and tested for the variable reduction technique in the WFLO/E problem. To solve this problem, a new method based on the hybridization of the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on An Enhanced Inverted Generational Distance Metric (MOEA/IGD-NS) and the Two-Archive Algorithm 2 (Two Arch2) is developed. This approach is named (MOEA/IGD-NS/TA2). The performance of the proposed approach is tested against six case studies. For each case study, a set of solutions represented by the Pareto Front (PF) is obtained and analyzed. It can be concluded from the obtained results that the designer/planner has the freedom to select several configurations based on their experience and economic and technical constraints.
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