“…Over the last two decades, the oil and gas industry has employed optimization techniques for a variety of purposes such as determining optimal well location and spacing of fracture stages, [4][5][6] field development under uncertainty, 7 resource scheduling, 8,9 maximization of net present value, 10,11 optimization of water management in shale oil and gas production process, [12][13][14][15] shale oil and gas supply chain optimization, 16,17 history matching of reservoir parameters, [18][19][20][21][22][23] and development of well and reservoir simulators. [24][25][26][27] Specifically, for a given amount of proppant to be injected, a unified fracture design (UFD) that provides the optimal fracture geometry was proposed by Ref.…”