Optimization of vitamins A and D3 loading in re-assembled casein micelles and effect of loading on stability of vitamin D3 during storage

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to apply response surface methodology to optimize fat-soluble vitamin loading in re-assembled casein micelles, and to evaluate vitamin D stability of dry formulations during ambient or accelerated storage and in fortified fluid skim milk stored under refrigeration. Optimal loading of vitamin A (1.46-1.48mg/100mgcasein) was found at 9.7mM phosphate, 5.5mM citrate and 30.0mM calcium, while optimal loading of vitamin D (1.38-1.46mg/100mg casein) was found at 4.9mM phosphate, 4.0mM citrate and 26.1mM calcium. In general, more vitamin D was retained in vitamin D-re-assembled casein micelles than control powders during storage, while vitamin D loss was not different for vitamin D-re-assembled casein micelles and control fortified milks after 21days of refrigerated storage with light exposure. In conclusion, re-assembled casein micelles with high loading efficiency show promise for improving vitamin D stability during dry storage.

Physicochemical properties and bioavailability of naturally formulated fat‐soluble vitamins extracted from agricultural products for complementary use for natural vitamin supplements

“…The stability of the FNV D and the E ranged from 91% to 93% and 88% to 92%, respectively, during the 6 months of storage. This finding was similar to the previous results, which vitamin D and vitamin E were not easily degraded by processing or during storage (Loewen et al., 2018; Raikos, 2017).…”

“…To be suitable as dietary fat-soluble vitamin supplements that originated from natural substances intended for human intake, these types of formulations must be enabled in order to be solubilized and absorbed from the digestive system and enterocyte beyond their stability. Furthermore, the stability of fat-soluble vitamins loaded in re-assembled casein micelles was mostly affected by the conditions of the storage (Loewen, Chan, & Li-Chan, 2018). It is plausible that their biological activities, such as radical scavenging activity, could be affected by the digestive and the storage stability once it is added into food or supplements.…”

Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction in Dendrobium officinale Leaves and Their Inhibitory Effects on Tyrosinase Activity

“…In this study, 3D curved surface ( Figure 2(a) ) and 2D contour plots ( Figure 2(b) ), which explained the relationship between each variable and the experimental level [ 29 ] of the corresponding response, were created with extraction times and ethanol concentration as X and Y coordinates, respectively, and flavonoid content as Z coordinates [ 31 ]. In the 3D curved surface and 2D contour plots, an interaction was observed between the two selected factors, but the effect was unremarkable [ 32 ].…”

Optimization and Formulation of Nanostructured and Self-Assembled Caseinate Micelles for Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects of Paclitaxel on Breast Cancer Cells

“…Determination of protein content further confirmed that the maximum yield of protein-based micelle was obtained in the samples prepared within one hour of mixing where more than 99% protein was successfully transformed into micelles ( Figure 3 c). A higher protein content in the micellar formation (almost 100%) also convened the optimal loading of the drug into the micelles [ 29 ].…”

“…All the measurements were performed at 25 °C and in triplicates with the results reported as mean ± SD. The percentage of the total proteins associated with NaCNs was calculated [ 29 , 30 ] using the following formula: …”