Optimization of ultrasonic guided wave inspection in structural health monitoring based on thermal sensitivity evaluation

Abstract

Damage detection in a mechanical structure using ultrasonic guided waves becomes even more problematic when the effect of variation in environmental and operating conditions, such as mechanical noise, temperature, flow rate, inner pressure, etc. is taken into account. The variation in these environmental and operating conditions can degrade the accuracy of the damage inspection process. The basic purpose of current research work is to propose a finite element model–based simulation model to identify and estimate the influence of environmental temperature on the measured signal and meanwhile perceive the temperature invariant points to provide an optimal baseline for thermal attenuation in real-time ultrasonic guided wave inspections. This model signifies the variation in material elastic properties, thermal sensitivities, and the abrupt changes in group and phase velocities of S0 wave mode with temperature. A low bandpass filter is used to keep the excitation frequency in a certain range and remove the noise from it. The numerical investigation is achieved in [Formula: see text] on the basis of six parameters, including variation in strain rate and stress, the amplitude of displacement, symmetric and anti-symmetric dispersion curves, time of flight, group velocity, and natural frequency of the beam. A wave velocity function has been generated in the Matlab® environment to calculate the group velocity of guided waves considering the effect of both temperature and excitation frequency. A linear fit curve (first-degree polynomial) is utilized in this function to analyze the effect of temperature on group velocity. An analytical estimation has also been applied to evaluate the impact of temperature on the material properties and damage detection. The simulation model is validated against the analytical group velocity results and experimental wave amplitude results. The comparison with minute percentage error is achieved in a convincing manner. The proposed thermal sensitivity simulation model is more efficient and reliable as compared to optimal baseline selection and baseline signal stretch. It detects not only the occurrence of damage but also examines the influence of environmental temperature on ultrasonic guided wave propagation and perceives the temperature invariant points to provide an optimal baseline for thermal attenuation in real-time ultrasonic guided wave inspections. This model can also be implemented practically in transportation and industrial applications to ensure structural reliability.

Review of Current Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing (GWUT) Limitations and Future Directions

“…Temperature influence on the propagating wave time shift and group velocity, were modelled in Equations (18) and (19) respectively [ 127 ]. where is the group velocity, T is the varying temperature, is the frequency of the wave, E is the material young modulus and K is the coefficient of change in phase velocity with stress, and is the propagation velocity.…”

“…Since > , it could be inferred from Equation (18) that thermal influence on the wave velocity is more responsible for signalling time shift than the material mechanical property at peak temperature. Equation (19) was proposed in [ 127 ] to represent the group wave velocity function of varying ambient temperature and the propagating wave’s excitation frequency. The study on the influence of temperature variation on a diffused ultrasonic wave in a plate revealed waveform shift is an attribute of temperature.…”

“…In [128], the experimental stud steel thickness measurement at varying temperature (>21 °C) revealed an inverse relat ship between temperature and the velocity of the ultrasonic wave. Based on the anal Temperature influence on the propagating wave time shift ∂t ∂σ T and group velocity, ν g (T, f ) were modelled in Equations ( 18) and ( 19) respectively [127].…”

Modelling and Validation of a Guided Acoustic Wave Temperature Monitoring System

“…Density also decreases with increasing temperature, manifesting as thermal expansion, which has a relatively small effect on wave velocity. Poisson's ratio changes can have a large impact on wave propagation but generally only occur over large temperature ranges [28]. As temperature change causes a change in wave velocity, time of flight measurement can be used to monitor a change in temperature.…”

Fuzzy Analysis of Resonance Frequencies for Structural Inspection of an Engine Cylinder Block

“…For example, a metal part with no internal void space permits an ultrasonic wave to pass at a certain speed. Due to this evident response of the faultless system, only the response/information (in this example, the ultrasonic wave speed) of the faulty system is employed in fault diagnosis [7]. Such methods are called 'signal-based' methods [6,8].…”