Modelling and Validation of a Guided Acoustic Wave Temperature Monitoring System

Yule, Lawrence; Zaghari, Bahareh; Harris, N.R.; Hill, Martyn

doi:10.3390/s21217390

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is well known that the group velocity of guided waves is temperature-dependent and increases with decreasing temperature [29]. To illustrate this phenomenon, dispersion curves for group velocity were calculated for a 1.5 mm copper plate at room temperature (20 • C) and at −73 • C. For this analysis, we accounted for temperature-induced changes in Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio while considering density changes as negligible within this temperature range.…”

Section: Guided Wave Propagation On Structures With Icementioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Stage Ice Detection Utilizing High-Order Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Rekuvienė,

Samaitis,

Jankauskas

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Ice detection poses significant challenges in sectors such as renewable energy and aviation due to its adverse effects on aircraft performance and wind energy production. Ice buildup alters the surface characteristics of aircraft wings or wind turbine blades, inducing airflow separation and diminishing the aerodynamic properties of these structures. While various approaches have been proposed to address icing effects, including chemical solutions, pneumatic systems, and heating systems, these solutions are often costly and limited in scope. To enhance the cost-effectiveness of ice protection systems, reliable information about current icing conditions, particularly in the early stages, is crucial. Ultrasonic guided waves offer a promising solution for ice detection, enabling integration into critical structures and providing coverage over larger areas. However, existing techniques primarily focus on detecting thick ice layers, leaving a gap in early-stage detection. This paper proposes an approach based on high-order symmetric modes to detect thin ice formation with thicknesses up to a few hundred microns. The method involves measuring the group velocity of the S1 mode at different temperatures and correlating velocity changes with ice layer formation. Experimental verification of the proposed approach was conducted using a novel group velocity dispersion curve reconstruction method, allowing for the tracking of propagating modes in the structure. Copper samples without and with special superhydrophobic multiscale coatings designed to prevent ice formation were employed for the experiments. The results demonstrated successful detection of ice formation and enabled differentiation between the coated and uncoated cases. Therefore, the proposed approach can be effectively used for early-stage monitoring of ice growth and evaluating the performance of anti-icing coatings, offering promising advancements in ice detection and prevention for critical applications.

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Section: Guided Wave Propagation On Structures With Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Guided Wave Propagation On Structures With Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Stage Ice Detection Utilizing High-Order Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Rekuvienė,

Samaitis,

Jankauskas

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Temperature Monitoring of Through-Thickness Temperature Gradients in Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Yule,

Harris,

Hill

et al. 2024

J Nondestruct Eval

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Ultrasonic guided waves offer a promising method of monitoring the online temperature of plate-like structures in extreme environments, such as aero-engine nozzle guide vanes (NGVs), and can provide the resolution, response rate, and robust operation that is required in aerospace. Previous investigations have shown the potential of such a system but the effect of the complex physical environment on wave propagation is yet to be considered. This article uses a numerical approach to investigate how thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) applied to the surface of many components designed for extreme thermal conditions will affect ultrasonic guided wave propagation, and how a system can be employed to monitor through-thickness temperature changes. The top coat/bond coat boundary in NGVs has been shown to be a temperature critical point that is difficult to monitor with traditional temperature sensors, which highlights the potential of ultrasonic guided waves. Differences in application method and layer thickness are considered, and analysis of through-thickness displacement profiles and dispersion curves are used to predict signal response and determine the most suitable mode of operation. Heat transfer simulations (COMSOL) have been used to predict temperature gradients within a TBC, and dispersion curves have been produced from the temperature dependant material properties. Time dependant simulations of wave propagation are in good agreement with dispersion curve predictions of wave velocity for the two lowest order modes in three thicknesses of TBC top coat (100, 250, and 500 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$ μ m ). When wave velocity measurements from the simulations are compared to dispersion curves generated at isotropic temperatures, the corresponding temperature represents the average temperature of a gradient system well. Such a measurement system could, in principle, be used in conjunction with surface temperature measurement systems to monitor through-thickness temperature changes.

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