Optimization of tire tread pattern based on flow characteristics to improve hydroplaning resistance

Abstract

<jats:p> Tire tread pattern is a crucial parameter to prevent hydroplaning. In this study, numerical modeling was used to investigate tire hydroplaning based on flow–structure interaction. The empirical model of hydroplaning speed published in the literature was used to validate the computational model. Analysis of water flow velocity and turbulent flow energy revealed that lateral grooves of the tire significantly influenced water drainage capacity. Based on the relationship between water flow vector and lateral groove shape, a combination of Kriging surrogate model and simulated annealing algorithm was used to optimize lateral groove design to minimize hydrodynamic lift force. Four geometry parameters of lateral grooves were selected as the design variables. Based on design of experiment principle, 12 simulation cases based on the optimal Latin hypercube design method were used to analyze the influence of design variables on hydrodynamic lift force. The surrogate model was optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm to optimize tire tread pattern. The results indicated that at the same water flow speed, the optimized lateral grooves can reduce hydrodynamic lift force by 14.05% and thus greatly improve safety performance of the tire. This study proves the validity and applicability of using numerical modeling for solving the complex design of tire tread pattern and optimization problem. </jats:p>

Design of Nonsmooth Groove Tire Bioinspired by Shark-Skin Riblet Structure

“…In this situation, the water moved relative to the motionless tire. The length, width, and height of the water model were set at 200 mm, 200 mm, and 10 mm, respectively [ 21 ]. To obtain the fluid domain, the tire shell model was transformed into solid, then Boolean subtraction was performed on water model.…”

A Fast Approach to Optimize Tread Pattern Shape for Tire Noise Reduction

“…However, low noise is a tire design criterion that may conflict with other objectives [61], such as wet traction, handling, hydroplaning, or safety. For example, when considering the wet skid performance of a tire, the water flow characteristics around a tire are largely influenced by lateral grooves [62]. The model proposed in [63] can be used to determine the parameters of the tread pattern, such as the width and angle of the lateral groove, for better wet skid performance.…”