“…Poor stability, low intestinal absorption rates, and bioavailability hinder the development of plant products (Basu et al, 2023; McClements, 2020; Rahman et al, 2020; Z. Zhang, He, et al, 2021). For example, certain orally administered plant compounds undergo degradation by the reticuloendothelial system and proteolytic enzymes after entering the bloodstream, decreasing the plasma drug concentration and bioavailability (Jana et al, 2021; Z. Li, Zhu, et al, 2023; J. Wen, Gao, et al, 2021; Xiao et al, 2021). Additionally, due to the first‐pass effect in the liver (Basto et al, 2021; Varma et al, 2010; Q. Yan et al, 2021), active compounds might be metabolized into highly polar excretable forms (X. Feng et al, 2021; Sharifi et al, 2012; Viera et al, 2018), altering their molecular structure and pharmacological activity (Alferiev et al, 2015; X. Wang, Hui, et al, 2019).…”