Optimization of thermal treatment of carbon felt electrode based on the mechanical properties for high-efficiency vanadium redox flow batteries

Kaur, Amanpreet; Jeong, Kyungmin; Kim, Seong Su; Lim, Jun Woo

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115546

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These results are in contrast with previous literature that reported that the thermal oxidation of GFs under atmospheric conditions at 400 °C for 30 h performed in here turned GFs into hydrophilic materials [9b] . Instead, it is in agreement with a recent report that also indicates this material is mildly hydrophilic, since no complete absorption of the water droplet was observed either [26] . Samples GF1‐L , GF1‐LH , GF2‐LH and GF2‐HL exhibited slightly less hydrophobic contact angles compared to B1 , however these materials remained qualitatively hydrophobic after the treatments according to the drop shape analysis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…[9b] Instead, it is in agreement with a recent report that also indicates this material is mildly hydrophilic, since no complete absorption of the water droplet was observed either. [26] Samples GF1-L, GF1-LH, GF2-LH and GF2-HL exhibited slightly less hydrophobic contact angles compared to B1, however these materials remained qualitatively hydrophobic after the treatments according to the drop shape analysis. The floating test experiments showed that samples GF1-L and GF2-HL were slightly immersed in the water layer, whereas samples GF1-LH and GF2-LH were clearly floating completely.…”

Section: Surface Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

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Surface Modification of PAN‐Derived Commercial Graphite Felts Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for their Application as Electrodes in All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Murillo-Herrera

Aguilar

Thielke

et al. 2023

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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All-vanadium redox flow batteries are promising large-scale energy storage solutions to support intermittent power generation. Commercial graphite felts are among the most used materials as electrodes for these batteries due to their cheap price, high conductivity, and large surface area. However, these materials exhibit poor wettability and electrochemical activity towards vanadium redox reactions, which translates into overpotentials and lower efficiencies. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are mixtures of Lewis acids and bases that exhibit lower melting points than their original components. Here, a DES composed of choline chloride and urea, and a DES composed of FeCl 3 and NH 4 Cl have been employed to modify the surface of graphite felts alongside a series of re-carbonization steps. The resulting materials were compared against pristine, thermally activated, and oxidatively activated graphite felts. Our results indicated that the treatments introduced new oxygen and nitrogen functionalities to the carbonaceous surface and increased the surface area, the degree of disorder and defects in the graphitic layers of the fibres. Cyclic voltammetry studies demonstrated higher electrochemical activity towards vanadium redox reactions and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments showed the modified materials exhibited significantly lower charge transfer resistances. When tested in full cell configuration the electrode modified with the urea-based DES exhibited comparable coulombic efficiencies and superior energy storage capacity retention than the thermally oxidized felt used as benchmark, suggesting that the introduction of oxygen-and nitrogen-rich functional groups had a positive effect on the overall electrochemical performance of graphite felts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Surface Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Surface Modification of PAN‐Derived Commercial Graphite Felts Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for their Application as Electrodes in All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Murillo-Herrera

Aguilar

Thielke

et al. 2023

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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“…Now, a specific area of carbon felt between 0.6 and 3.2 m 2 /g has been reported (Kaur et al, 2022). The Kaur et al (2022). This result is associated with the treatment applied to carbon felt described in Section Preparation of the bioanode and carbon felt.…”

Section: Electrode Materials Properties and Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…On the contrary, the calcination process in this study was performed under specific conditions without searching for the optimal conditions. Now, a specific area of carbon felt between 0.6 and 3.2 m 2 /g has been reported (Kaur et al, 2022). The Kaur et al (2022).…”

Section: Electrode Materials Properties and Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Devilfish bone char, an alternative material to be used as bioanode in microbial fuel cells

Flores

Vázquez²,

Castillo³

2022

Front. Sustain.

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This work aimed to evaluate the devilfish bone char as an alternative material to be used as a bioanode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) applied in bioenergy production from the pantoprazole biodegradation. The devilfish is an invasive species in Mexico and other countries, so its control and eradication are based on the integral use of its biomass. In addition, the bones are unusable waste and could be used as a raw material to manufacture the bioanode. Two MFCs with an anaerobic anode single chamber of 125 mL were operated independently using the fabricated bioanode and the carbon felt (conventional anode). Both MFCs were fed with 1 g/L of pantoprazole as substrate with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 210 ± 1.3 mg/L and 1.2 g of soil as inoculum. The two MFCs were characterized electrochemically, and the COD removal percentage was measured as an indicator of the pantoprazole biodegradation. The results showed that the MFC operated with the bioanode had a better performance than the conventional anode, since it reached a maximum power density of 1.22 mW/m2, being 156% higher than carbon felt. These values were consistent with the COD removal percentages reached in 10 days with values of 47.17 ± 0.23 and 43.34 ± 0.41%, respectively. Therefore, these findings provide a low-cost alternative carbonaceous material for the sustainable construction of MFC applied to produce bioenergy from the biodegradation of pharmaceutical products.

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“…They are also used to remove polluting substances from water [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Another area of use of carbon felt electrodes are batteries [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and microbial fuel cells [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. An important area of research is to characterize [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and modify [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] the properties of carbon felts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Catalytic Properties of Carbon Dioxide-Activated Graphite Felt

et al. 2022

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The commercial graphite felt GFA 10 was subjected to an activation process with the use of CO2 at 900 °C for 35 and 70 min. Pristine and heat-treated materials were characterized using various methods: low-temperature N2 adsorption, SEM, and EDS. Voltammetric measurements of GFA samples (before and after activation) as the working electrode were carried out. Voltammograms were recorded in aqueous solutions of 4-chlorophenol and sodium sulfate as supporting electrolyte. The catalytic activity of GFA samples in the process of 4-chlorophenol oxidation with the use of H2O2 was also investigated. The influence of graphite felt thermal activation in the CO2 atmosphere on its electrochemical and catalytic behavior was analyzed and discussed. Results of the investigation indicate that GFA activated in CO2 can be applied as an electrode material or catalytic material in the removal of organic compounds from industrial wastewater. However, the corrosion resistance of GFA, which is decreasing during the activation, needs to be refined.

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Optimization of thermal treatment of carbon felt electrode based on the mechanical properties for high-efficiency vanadium redox flow batteries

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Surface Modification of PAN‐Derived Commercial Graphite Felts Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for their Application as Electrodes in All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Surface Modification of PAN‐Derived Commercial Graphite Felts Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for their Application as Electrodes in All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Devilfish bone char, an alternative material to be used as bioanode in microbial fuel cells

Electrochemical and Catalytic Properties of Carbon Dioxide-Activated Graphite Felt

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