Optimization of the exhaustive hydrodistillation method in the recovery of essential oil from fresh and cured betel leaves (Piper betleL.) using the Box–Behnken design

Abstract

The optimization of extraction by the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology, chemical composition, antioxidant activity (AA), and total phenolic content (TPC) of fresh and cured betel leaf essential oil (BLEO) was reported. A quadratic polynomial equation developed by multiple regression analysis revealed that the models were highly significant with R2 = .98 and p < .0001. At optimal extraction conditions of extraction time (140 min), extraction temperature (100°C) and leaf to water ratio (1:1.5 g/L), 0.35% and 0.48% of fresh and cured BLEO yield were obtained. Thirty‐three and thirty volatile compounds were identified from fresh and cured BLEO by gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy, accounting for 96.4% and 93.96% of the total oils, respectively. Eugenol, estragole, linalool, α‐copene, and anethole with different percentages were accounted to be major components. Fresh BLEO exhibited strong antioxidant effects on DPPH and TPC than cured leaf EO. Both the EOs explored that AA had a positive correlation with their phenolic contents. Practical applicationsThe present study explores the effect of optimized exhaustive hydrodistillate condition on the analysis of chemical composition and AA of essential oil (EO). The findings of optimized extraction embodied in the present research can be scaled up for commercial and industrial purposes. Both fresh and cured BLEO may be used in the food industry as a natural food preservative and flavoring agent. It can be also used for various herbal, medicinal, and therapeutic products. The main identified compounds such as eugenol, estragole, and linalool are the most valuable for food and pharmaceutical industries. Eugenol was found to be the highest amount in the extracted EO that can be used as a local anesthetic in dentistry as an ingredient in dental cement for temporary fillings.

Natural preservative efficacy of cured betel leaf essential oil for sapota juice: Effect on physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties

“…Betel leaf EO also has been found to inhibit Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacteria as reported by Madhumita et al. (2019). To reduce the microbial contamination of sapota juices, an extract of betel leaf EO was added.…”

“…EO was extracted from the cured betel leaves cv. Bangla using modified betel leaf oil extractor (Madhumita et al., 2019b). All the chemicals used in this study, such as methanol, ethanol, sodium hypocholorite, DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl), Folin‐ciocalteu's (FC) phenol, gallic acid of analytical grade, were purchased through a local supplier (Sigma‐Aldrich, Kolkata, India).…”

“…The fresh juice was taken as control. Different concentrations of cured leaf EO (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 µl/ml) extracted from betel leaf oil extractor (Madhumita et al., 2019b) were mixed with fresh juice to determine and study the effect of the acceptable concentration of betel leaf essential oil (BLEO) in the juice that stored at 4℃ of refrigerated storage condition.…”

A Laser Irradiation Method for Controlling Pieris rapae Larvae

“…To simplify the regression equation, the nonsignificant terms based on the original equation were removed, the model was manually optimized, and the second-order polynomial equation is provided below [40,41]. The three-dimensional (3D) contour plot of an equation is the best method for expressing the linear, interaction and quadratic effects of working parameters on the responses, and the third and fourth variables were maintained at the zero level to obtain the 3D response surfaces [42]. The plots of the significant interaction terms for Y 1 , Y 2 and K are illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Bio‐actives of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): A comprehensive review on extraction, isolation, characterization, and biological activity

“…Eugenol (23.60%) and eugenol acetate (35.77%) were found to be highest among 45 EO constituents with good cytotoxic properties and β ‐glucuronidase inhibitory properties. Moreover, Madhumita, Guha, and Nag (2019a, 2019b) worked on the EO of cured betel leaf (var. Bangla) extracted by the HD method and found 33 volatile compounds, representing 98.41% of EO.…”