Bio‐actives of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): A comprehensive review on extraction, isolation, characterization, and biological activity

Abstract

Piper betle L., belonging to Piperaceae family, known as a traditional herbal medicinal plant and used for several health benefits in Asian countries. Currently, demand for its products such as herbal drugs, medicines, and natural herbal formulations has increased. The beneficial effects of betel leaves and its products have traditionally exploited for the treatment of several diseases like bad breath, cuts, injuries, inflammations, cold cough, indigestion, etc. Till now, a broad range of bioactive compounds including polyphenols, terpenes, etc., has been identified from the extracts and essential oil (EO) of betel leaves. The structural and functional characterization of the extract and EO bio-actives has been derived by various advanced standard methods. Most of the health-related benefits of betel leaves have been associated with their bioactive phenolic compounds. The extract of this highly perishable product can be used in organic synthesis, food, and beverage industry, pharmaceuticals, etc., to the environmental issues. The present review provides information on extraction techniques, identification of bioactive compounds, and their biological activities. That apart, information on processing, preservation, and health benefits along with their mechanisms has also been added.

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Piper betle Leaf Extract and Its Application in Surgical Sutures

“…Piper betle L. known as a traditional herbal medicinal plant is associated with the control of caries and periodontal disease, inflammation, antimicrobial activity, etc. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Recently, Piper betle L. has been used as a reductant and capping agent in metal nanoparticles such as Ag NPs, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) [43][44][45] owing to organic compounds in Piper betle extract (hereinafter called as ET) [35].…”

“…[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Recently, Piper betle L. has been used as a reductant and capping agent in metal nanoparticles such as Ag NPs, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) [43][44][45] owing to organic compounds in Piper betle extract (hereinafter called as ET) [35]. Until now, there are only a few studies using Piper betle L. extract to fabricate the ZnO NPs and evaluate its biocompatibility in vitro such as those by Song and Yang and Shubha et al [28,46].…”

Chemical constituents from Piper betle L. Var Nigra (Piperaceae)

“…Betel leaf has several characteristics such as nutritional, organoleptic, therapeutic, prophylactic, functional, antimicrobial, antioxidant and other desirable qualities which can provide a challenging opportunity to the food scientists and technologists to develop novel food products with enhanced food safety, extended shelf life. The leaf extract and EO having the above-discussed properties can also be explored for manufacturing a large number of cosmetics, medicines, pharmaceuticals, food product development in the food sector [1].…”

“…The present review provides information on extraction techniques, identification of bioactive compounds, and their biological activities. That apart, information on processing, preservation, and health benefits along with their mechanisms has also been added [1].…”

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“…as potential disease-preventing agents 5 and have started to explore the benefits of natural herbs for their nutritive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory potential. One such natural herb that is being studied in research is betel leaf 6 . Piper betel also called as 'Pan' belongs to the family Piperaceae 7 , which is an evergreen and perennial creeper basically emerged from Malaysia and cultivated across the world 8 .…”