Optimization of the enzymatic production of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 from white ginseng extract using response surface methodology

Abstract

The optimization of the conversion of ginseng saponin glycosides to 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) by enzymatic transformation was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a 2(3) factorial central composite design. The production of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) using several commercial enzymes indicated that the enzyme Cellulase-12T was the most efficient at producing 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3). To optimize the enzymatic production of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3), response surface methodology was applied to determine the ideal amount of white ginseng extract, Cellulase-12T and reaction time. These results indicate that white ginseng extract (1.67%) treated with Celluase-12T (3.67%) for 72 hours had 4 times the quantity of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) compared to commercial white ginseng extract.

Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides

“…Extensive investigations have revealed that a large portion of the intact ginsenosides can be transformed into minor ginsenosides with more enhancing biological effects through gastrointestinal acids, enzymes, and intestinal bacteria, especially by β-glucosidase enzymes in human intestine (Christensen, 2009), therefore the enzymatic methods have been used to obtain minor ginsenosides. Recently, several studies have succeeded to conduct scale-up engineering for the bioconversion using a recombinant enzymes, particularly for ginsenoside Rg3 (Chang et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2013c;Oh et al, 2014b;Shin et al, 2014;Quan et al, 2012;2013) (Table 2). However, due to the limited availability of ginsenosides for large scale compound K production, and the challenge of chemical synthesis caused by the difficulty of selective glycosylation of ginsenosides, other approaches have been explored.…”

The extraction process optimization and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana

“…Therefore, it is labor and time-saving than other methods required to optimize a process [11][12][13]. Many authors have used this technique to optimize the extraction conditions for polysaccharides [14], saponins [15], phenolic compounds [16] and so on. Normally, central composite design (CCD) or BBD is adopt to fit a second order polynomial by a least squares technique, which produces an equation to demonstrate how the test variables affect the response and determine the interrelationship among the variables.…”

Changes of Ginsenoside Content by Mushroom Mycelial Fermentation in Red Ginseng Extract

“…[26] also suggested that the efficiency of the conversion and transformation pathways differs greatly owing to the diversity of resident microflora between individuals. Metabolites are generally prepared via the biotransformation of ginsenosides in the presence of human intestinal bacteria [6,18], soil fungi [27], or certain commercial enzymes [28,29]. Therefore, ginsenosides with more uniform and targeted biological functions may be attained by using specially isolated microorganisms.…”