“…Reinforcements play a pivotal role in defining the properties of the composites, especially when novel reinforcements such as fly ash, red mud, TiO 2 , TiC, Al 2 O 3 , B4C, SiC are added to the aluminium matrix [4,5,21,[23][24][25][26]. Proper bonding between the constituents play an important parameter, that ensures efficient load transmission [23,27]. Hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC's) are next-generation composite materials that use two or more types of reinforcements to alter the characteristics.…”