Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of Mariposa Christia Vespertilionis leaves towards antioxidant using response surface methodology

Abstract

Mariposa Christia Vespertilionis (MCV) or also known as butterfly wing leaves, is popular in the traditional medicine practice. The objective of this study is to optimize the antioxidant components (based on antioxidant activity analysis) from the MCV leaves extract using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) based on different temperature, pressure, and particle size via Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Besides that, it is also to evaluate the optimal condition of different extracting antioxidant activity from MCV leaves using Design Expert 10 software. The condition range for both pressure and temperature were between 150-350 bar and 30-70 °C with constant extraction time. The size of particle samples were between 63 μm-1000 μm. The antioxidant was analyzed using UV–vis Spectrophotometer (UV-vis). The lowest antioxidant activity was 8.20 % and higher antioxidant activity was obtained at 49.76 %. Lower absorbance indicated highest free radical scavenging activities. Maximum percentage (%) indicated high scavenging activities, thus higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is a good indication for antioxidant. The predicted RSM optimal condition of antioxidant activity was at temperature 50 °C, pressure 282 bar, and particle size 500 μm, which the predicted antioxidant was 50.62 %. Upon verification through experiment, it was found out that the antioxidant activity value was close to the predicted value with an average error of less than 1%.

A comprehensive review of conventional and non-conventional solvent extraction techniques

“…SFE works on the basic principle that the favorable transport properties of fluids near their critical points allow deeper penetration into solid plant parts and more efficient and faster extraction than with conventional organic solvents [77] . An SFE process is basically composed of the feed, containing the substance of interest that comes in contact with supercritical fluid, at suitable temperature and pressure (Low pressure cold extraction: 35-55°F, 800-1500 psi; Supercritical extraction: 87°F, 6000-10000 psi), in an extraction device in batch or continuous manner [15,78,79] . In this simple process, the component is selectively extracted and must be recovered from the supercritical solution.…”

A Review on Pharmacological Properties of Christia vespertilionis

“…To date, several assays have been used to detect these groups of antioxidants in the plant, such as β-Carotene assay and total phenolic content assay by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. C. vespertilionis have been shown to have high antioxidant properties (27).…”