Phytochemicals are produced by plants during primary or secondary metabolic activities. They are the bioactive compounds playing important role in the defense of the host plant against different biotic and abiotic agents and functioning in attraction and stimulation. Most of these phytochemicals are found to be having beneficial effects on the health of human beings. All Indian traditional system of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha uses phytochemicals in their formulations. In the Moderns era, synthetic analogs or prototypes of natural phytochemicals are used which is however not advisable. It is always recommended to extract the phytochemicals from their natural sources scientifically. The bioactive component is recovered from raw materials by dissolving them in appropriate solvents at suitable temperatures. Phytochemicals can be extracted by various techniques; classical as well as modern. The current review attempt to bring out a comparative study of all the conventional and non-conventional techniques used for the extraction of phytochemicals.
Fruits and vegetables are widely employed in food production in India. Depending on their nature and cooking procedure, these products are consumed uncooked, half-cooked, or fully cooked, with or without peels. If these peel remnants are not further handled, they become garbage. But different studies conducted on peels revealed the presence of important metabolites, using the polar and carbohydrates, carotenoids, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and phlobatannin, coumarin, and other nonpolar solvent systems. These extracts are also having potent antimicrobial effects on enteric human pathogens. Various phytochemical elements have antibacterial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. etc. The current study examines the medicinal potential of Indian regional fruits and vegetable peels.
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