Abstract:Hydrogenation of vegetable oils is a heterogeneous process where the process factors influence the conversion and selectivity. A Statistical study was performed on a sunflower oil (SFO) hydrogenation process using Pd-B/g-Al 2 O 3 catalyst to study the effect of the process factors, including temperature, hydrogen pressure, agitation, catalyst dose and reaction time on the iodine value and trans fatty acid content of hydrogenated SFO. It was found that each factor has a noticeable effect on the iodine value and… Show more
“…The hydrogenation of NR can be carried out by two main methods such as catalytic (homogeneous and heterogeneous) and noncatalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation is the reaction of catalyst that will activate hydrogen molecules and the carbon-carbon double bond species [7]. In the presence of catalysts, hydrogenation of polymers is difficult and generally unsatisfactory.…”
Liquid natural rubber (LNR) is a depolymerized natural rubber (NR) which consists of shorter polymeric chains and lower molecular weight (Mw<105). Hydrogenated LNR (HLNR) was synthesized via the thermal decomposition ofp-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (MSH). The LNR and HLNR structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The percentage of hydrogenation was calculated from NMR spectrum. The optimum percentage of hydrogenation (>90%) was achieved by manipulating the reaction parameters such as sources of diimide, TSH concentration, solvent, and reaction time. The optimum condition was 3 : 1 weight ratio of TSH/LNR ino-xylene at 130°C in 4-hour reaction period.
“…The hydrogenation of NR can be carried out by two main methods such as catalytic (homogeneous and heterogeneous) and noncatalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation is the reaction of catalyst that will activate hydrogen molecules and the carbon-carbon double bond species [7]. In the presence of catalysts, hydrogenation of polymers is difficult and generally unsatisfactory.…”
Liquid natural rubber (LNR) is a depolymerized natural rubber (NR) which consists of shorter polymeric chains and lower molecular weight (Mw<105). Hydrogenated LNR (HLNR) was synthesized via the thermal decomposition ofp-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (MSH). The LNR and HLNR structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The percentage of hydrogenation was calculated from NMR spectrum. The optimum percentage of hydrogenation (>90%) was achieved by manipulating the reaction parameters such as sources of diimide, TSH concentration, solvent, and reaction time. The optimum condition was 3 : 1 weight ratio of TSH/LNR ino-xylene at 130°C in 4-hour reaction period.
“…Catalytic hydrogenation is the reaction of catalyst that will activate the hydrogen molecules and the carbon-carbon double bond species. 15 However, catalytic hydrogenation is costly because the reaction uses expensive catalyst such as ruthenium, 16 iridium 17 or rhodium 18 complexes and it has to be carried out at high pressure and temperature in the presence of hydrogen gas.…”
Hydrogenation of liquid natural rubber (LNR) using 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide (MSH) in toluene was studied. HLNR structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Response surface methodology (RSM) based on 5-level-2-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to analyze the correlative effects of reaction, MSH:LNR weight ratio (0.5-1.0) and reaction time (20-60 min) with a fixed reaction temperature of 100 ºC. Multivariate statistical analysis was developed in a form of quadratic model in order to correlate the reaction parameter to the response received. The optimum conditions derived via RSM were the MSH:LNR weight ratio of 0.7 and a reaction time of 25.86 min. The R 2 value of 0.9557 showed that the model was well-fitted with the experimental data, whereby the model was almost ideal while the lack-of-fit considered rather unseemly (i.e. insignificant).
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