Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation Extraction of Inonotus hispidus Fruiting Body Melanin

Abstract

Melanin has good nutritional and medicinal value; however, its extraction rate is extremely low. This study explored the edible and medicinal fungus Inonotus hispidus fruiting body melanin (IHFM) extraction process and solid-state fermentation conditions. The results showed that the best way to extract IHFM is the compound enzymatic method, with complex enzyme 26.63 mg/g, liquid material ratio 5:1, enzymatic hydrolysis 80 min, pH 4.61, and enzymolysis temperature at 36.07 °C. The yield of IHFM was 23.73 ± 0.57%, which was equivalent to 1.27 times before optimization. The best solid medium formula was normal pH, rice 20 g per cultivation bottle, maltose 22 g/L, beef extract 4.4 g/L, carbon-nitrogen ratio 5:1, and liquid-to-material ratio 1.1:1, where the IHFM yield was 31.80 ± 1.34%, which was equivalent to 1.7 times that before optimization. In summary, solid-state fermentation and extraction optimization greatly improved the yield of melanin, provided a reference to produce melanin, and laid a foundation for the development and utilization of melanin.

Diverse Metabolites and Pharmacological Effects from the Basidiomycetes Inonotus hispidus

“…The fruit bodies of I. hispidus are annual, sessile, woody mushroom. The fruiting bodies are bright yellow at the initial growth stage (edible) ( Figure 1 A), and the color gradually changes from light brown to brown as they grow, becoming dark brown when fully matured with hairy surfaces ( Figure 1 B), and eventually turns to black [ 4 ].…”

Differences between water-soluble and water-insoluble melanin derived from Inonotus hispidus mushroom

“…In the precious studies, we have optimized the melanin extraction process and solid fermentation conditions of the fruiting body of I. hispidus , and found that the best way to extract IFHM is the complex enzymatic method, and the yield of IFHM can reach 23.73 ± 0.57 %, which is equivalent to 1.27 times before optimization ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). After obtaining the best solid medium formulation by optimizing the solid fermentation conditions, the yield of IFHM can reach 31.80 ± 1.34 %, which is equivalent to 1.7 times that before optimization ( Zhang et al, 2021 ).…”

“…In the preliminary study, the solid-state fermentation method optimized the production of melanin of Inonotus hispidus , optimized the melanin extraction process by ultrasonic method and complex enzyme method, and characterized its physical and chemical properties (Hou, Xin, Xiang, Chen, & Fu, 2018; Zhang et al, 2021 ). Hou et al ( Hou et al, 2019 ) showed that IHFM has good stability (light, heat, metal ions, etc.…”

Investigation the nutritional properties of Auricularia auricula pulp fermented with Lactobacillus strains and their effects on gut microbiota

“…After fermentation, in addition to the nutrients it contains, there are also metabolic products produced by the fermentation of probiotics, which mainly exist in the fermentation broth. 13 Yu et al 14 found that Bacillus subtilis fermented A. auricula liquid has a protective effect on the liver and stomach of mice with acute alcohol intoxication; Zhang et al 15 greatly improved the yield and utilization of melanin in fungus through solid-state fermentation and an optimized extraction process; Miao et al 16 enhanced polysaccharide content and antioxidant activity of A. auricula by fermenting A. auricula with Trichoderma viride. Therefore, probiotic fermentation of A. auricula not only retains its original nutrients, but also produces new bioactive substances, which also gives the fermented product new efficacy and edible value.…”