Optimization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Essential Oil

Abstract

Objective: Focus of this study was to optimize and to characterize the self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system using lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil.Methods: The optimum formulas were analyzed using a D-Optimal mixture experimental design and performed using a Design Expert® Ver. 7.1.5. Formulation variables which include in the design were: oil component X1 (a mixture of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and virgin coconut oil/VCO), surfactant X2 (Tween 80), and co-surfactant (PEG 400), while emulsification time in a sec (Y1) and transmittance in percent (Y2) as responses.Results: The optimum formula for SNEDDS in the current study were: Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (7.147%), VCO (7.147%), Tween 80 (71.417%), and PEG 400 (14.290%). From the optimizing formula can be shown that the mean of droplet size, polydispersity-index, zeta potential, and viscosity were: 13.17±0.06 nm, 0.17±0.05,-20.90±1.47 mV, 200±0mPa. s (n=3), respectively. Furthermore, the optimized formula has passed the thermodynamic stability test; meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical shape.Conclusion: The optimized SNEDDS formula was improving solubility of poorly soluble Cymbopogon citratus essential oil.

A meta-analysis investigating the influence of citrus by-product pretreatment on lipid oxidation levels in stored chicken meat

“…The antioxidants in citrus are believed to come from various compounds present in the fruit. Citrus fruits contain a diverse range of antioxidant elements, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), essential oil, flavonoids like hesperidin and naringin, carotenoids such as beta-carotene, phenolic acids, and antioxidant minerals like selenium and manganese [14,[32][33][34][35]. For instance, the potential of citrus essential oil to reduce oxidants is attributed to its antioxidant properties, specifically from compounds like limonene and linalool [12].…”

Novel Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Single Bulb Garlic: Stability, Toxicity, and Antiinflammation in 3T3-L1 Cells

“…Emulsi cation time is a ected by surfactants that play a role in converting oil into smaller particles by reducing the surface tension between the oil and water; thus, forming nanoemulsion faster (Zhao et al, 2016) . The smaller the size of the oil phase droplet, the faster the SNEDDS dispersion time (Ujilestari et al, 2018c) .…”

“…Figure 3 also indicates that SNEDDS SBGE physically did not experience any changes in shape and color. This suggests that SNEDDS SBGE had thermodynamic stability (Ujilestari et al, 2018c) . The small size of SNEDDS particles could minimize Brown movement between nanoemulsion particles that could prevent segregation, deposition, creaming, and cracking.…”

The Abundance of Bioactive Compounds in Fingerroot Essential Oil Before and After Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) as a Potential Substitute for Synthetic Antibiotics in Livestock

“…Phytochemicals have emerged as viable alternatives derived from plant parts, including leaves, roots, and flowers. These phytochemicals exhibit functionalities akin to antibiotics, encompassing various effects, including antiparasitic properties, feed efficiency enhancement, growth promotion, and antimicrobial effects (Shah, 2015;Ujilestari et al, 2019). The presence of bioactive compounds in these plants is attributed to the pharmacological effects of these phytochemicals.…”

“…VCO is commonly used as a carrier oil in nanoemulsion preparation due to its easy digestibility and non-interference with the composition of essential oils. In addition, VCO was selected as phase oil because VCO can bond with tween 80 (Anindhita et al, 2016;Ujilestari et al, 2019). The choice of surfactants is often based on their compatibility with the oil phase and ability to form stable nanoemulsions, such as Tween 80 (Sugumar et al, 2014;Chellapa et al, 2015;Halnor et al, 2018).…”