The present research was aimed to characterize the formula of self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for lemongrass essential oil. The observation variables included: particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. Meanwhile, the materials consisted of the mixtures of oils (lemongrass essential oil and carrier oil), surfactants, and cosurfactants. Carrier oils were screened as candidates for SNEDDS, and the formula was evaluated for transmittance and emulsification time. The value of the formulation component was lemongrass essential oils, carrier oil (Virgin Coconut Oil), surfactant (Tween 80), and co-surfactant (PEG 400) = 8.34, 8.34, 71.43, and 16.67 % respectively. The formulation had a mean of the nanoemulsion droplet diameters of 20.7 nm with the polydispersity index (PI) 0.378 and potential zeta -73 mV. The transmission electron microscopy demonstrated spherical droplet morphology. This research produced SNEDDS of lemongrass essential oil with nanoparticle size that can be used as feed additive for poultry

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Objective: Focus of this study was to optimize and to characterize the self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system using lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil.Methods: The optimum formulas were analyzed using a D-Optimal mixture experimental design and performed using a Design Expert® Ver. 7.1.5. Formulation variables which include in the design were: oil component X1 (a mixture of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and virgin coconut oil/VCO), surfactant X2 (Tween 80), and co-surfactant (PEG 400), while emulsification time in a sec (Y1) and transmittance in percent (Y2) as responses.Results: The optimum formula for SNEDDS in the current study were: Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (7.147%), VCO (7.147%), Tween 80 (71.417%), and PEG 400 (14.290%). From the optimizing formula can be shown that the mean of droplet size, polydispersity-index, zeta potential, and viscosity were: 13.17±0.06 nm, 0.17±0.05,-20.90±1.47 mV, 200±0mPa. s (n=3), respectively. Furthermore, the optimized formula has passed the thermodynamic stability test; meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical shape.Conclusion: The optimized SNEDDS formula was improving solubility of poorly soluble Cymbopogon citratus essential oil.

Microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tracts of broiler chicken can be modulated by herbal additives that contained phytochemical substances. Essential oils (EOs) have potential phytochemical compounds but are lipophilic and have low solubility in water. Therefore, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) might be one of the formulation strategies to improve the solubility of essential oils. In this study, the anti-bacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Amomum compactum EOs by SNEDDS was conducted using disc diffusion method on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Inhibition zone was found on both pure EOs and SNEDDS formulations. SNEDDS formulations of C. citratus and A. compactum EOs were effective against E. coli and S. typhimurium (P<0.05). C. citratus essential oil has the highest inhibition zone when compared to the other formulations, followed by A. compactum essential oil. On the other hand, SNEDDS formula of C. citratus and A. compactum essential oil showed similar antibacterial activity as tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. typhimurium. It can be concluded that the use of SNEDDS formula of essential oil would be useful to reduce the population of pathogen in the intestine of poultry.

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