Optimization of salinity intrusion control through freshwater and tidal inlet modifications for the Indus River Estuary

Ijaz, Muhammad Wajid; Mahar, Rasool Bux; Ansari, Kamran; Siyal, Altaf Ali

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2019.04.039

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dredging impacted seawater's water quality and represents a potential risk to the environment, the prolonged seawater intrusion during tidal excursion upstream [38]. Similarly, the findings by Ijaz et al [33] and Maren et al [39] revealed that the channel deepening activities had increased the saltwater intrusion. Another study by Siles-Ajamil et al [40], using the exploratory model, suggested that the channel deepening activities increases the salinity interference and pushes upstream maximum salt gradient.…”

Section: Before and After A Realignment Of Chukai Rivermentioning

confidence: 86%

“…It was noticeable that the salinity level at the upstream (Figure 4e) freshwater supply was considerably lower than the downstream (Figure 4a). The lower level of salinity indicated a very low intrusion of seawater into the Chukai river [33]. Compared to upstream, the higher degree of salinity was clarified by the salt concentration caused by seawater intrusion due to the position of the river near to the shore.…”

Section: Before and After A Realignment Of Chukai Rivermentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Flood Mitigation Project on the River Water Salinity

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impact of flood mitigation project in the Kemaman River Basin was assessed in this study. Salinity intrusion was simulated in the study area by 1D numerical model. A 1-D hydrodynamic model coupled with a salinity model was used to analyze the salinity intrusion within Chukai River after the implementation of the flood mitigation project. The model was calibrated and validated using the data measured in Chukai River at 3 points from January 2007 until August 2013. Water quality simulation of salinity has been carried out once an excellent hydrodynamic model was established. The simulated river flow was reasonably matched to the measured data with R2 value 0.88, 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. Results suggest that after the realignment of Chukai River, the seawater intrudes further to the upstream river, causing the increasing salinity in the river about 10 - 15 ppt. However, with the floodway development, the channel would allow more water from Kemaman River being discharged into Chukai River. Increased in the volume of water in Chukai River has led to seawater dilution. Further, it invades the unique stretch of Chukai River and takes the salinity back to the initial state. Findings from the implementation of the flood mitigation project in the Kemaman river basin has benefitted the local society, watershed, and the surrounding biota ecosystems. Importantly, a greater prevention with the risk of repetitive flood damage to the buildings and structures in Kemaman area which has significantly achievable. HIGHLIGHTS Salinity model is used for flood mitigation project High salinity in Chukai river resulted from seawater intrusion Hydrodynamic model is to assess the water quality simulation

show abstract

Section: Before and After A Realignment Of Chukai Rivermentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Before and After A Realignment Of Chukai Rivermentioning

confidence: 96%

Impact of Flood Mitigation Project on the River Water Salinity

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, there are no rivers or streams transporting the water and sediments from upstream to the coast, thereby exposing this side of the IDR to high wave action. Reduction in the mangrove forest cover and weakening of the eco-shield provided by the vegetation along with disastrous reduction in the freshwater inflow and sediment supply to the IDR [25] has led to the widening of the creeks and increased SWI [25,26].…”

Section: Ir East Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 24 down in the sediment load and water discharge to the Arabian Sea has increased the impact of waves and tides and impeded the growth of the mangroves, resulting in seawater intrusion and accelerated coastal erosion. The IR drains into the Arabian Sea at Khobar Creek [25], bisecting the deltaic region into two zones, IR West and IR East. Following Ijaz et al [26], we also divide the Sindh coastline into three zones: Karachi, IR West, and IR East (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Decades of Coastal Changes in Sindh, Pakistan (1989–2018): A Geospatial Assessment

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coastal erosion endangers millions living near-shore and puts coastal infrastructure at risk, particularly in low-lying deltaic coasts of developing nations. This study focuses on morphological changes along the~320-km-long Sindh coastline of Pakistan over past three decades. In this study, the Landsat images from 1989 to 2018 at an interval of 10 years are used to analyze the state of coastline erosion. For this purpose, well-known statistical approaches such as end point rate (EPR), least median of squares (LMS), and linear regression rate (LRR) are used to calculate the rates of coastline change. We analyze the erosion trend along with the underlying controlling variables of coastal change. Results show that most areas along the coastline have experienced noteworthy erosion during the study period. It is found that Karachi coastline experienced 2.43 ± 0.45 m/yr of erosion and 8.34 ± 0.45 m/yr of accretion, while erosion on the western and eastern sides of Indus River reached 12.5 ± 0.55 and 19.96 ± 0.65 m/yr on average, respectively. Coastal erosion is widespread along the entire coastline. However, the rate of erosion varies across the study area with a general trend of erosion increasing from west to east in the Indus Delta region (IDR), and the highest average erosion rate is 27.46 m/yr. The interdecadal change during 1989-periods depicted an increasing linear trend (R 2 = 0.78) from Karachi to Indus River (IR) East zone. The spatial trend from west to east is positively correlated with mean sea level rise, which has increased from 1.1 to 1.9 mm/year, and negatively correlated with topographic slope, which is found to be decreasing eastward along the coastline. The findings necessitate appropriate actions and have important implications to better manage coastal areas in Pakistan in the wake of global climate change.

show abstract

“…Similarly, some researchers map the perimeters of BIs [22][23][24] and quantify their geomorphological changes to inform national/sub-national coastal planning. On the contrary, few studies [25][26][27][28] have focused on studying shoreline degradation and morphological changes, particularly erosion, in the Indus River Delta, Pakistan-the world's 6th largest delta-on a large scale. Most of the existing studies are limited in terms of spatial-temporal scales and have primarily focused on the mainland shoreline [25,27,[29][30][31][32], neglecting the BIs in the Indus Deltaic Region (IDR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Narrowing Barrier Islands along the Coast of Pakistan over Past 30 Years

Kanwal

Ding

Sajjad

et al. 2021

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Barrier islands (BIs) are the first line of defense against the sea/wave actions in coastal areas, and assessing their stability is crucial in the context of effective coastal planning. Therefore, this study evaluates the spatial–temporal shoreline changes of the BIs in Pakistan over the past three decades (1989–2018). Satellite data from Landsat missions are used to delineate the shorelines of 19 BIs in Pakistan. After delineating the shorelines from satellite observations, two well-known statistical methods (i.e., end point rate (EPR) and linear regression rate (LRR)) are used to capture the localized changes in the BIs. The results ascertain that nearly all of the BIs have experienced noteworthy erosion during the past three decades. While the mean erosion over all the BIs during the study period is estimated to be >6 m/y, significant spatial heterogeneities among the individual BIs exist. The interdecadal comparison indicates that the highest mean erosion of the BIs occurred during the period 1989–1999 (13.03 ± 0.62 m/y), which gradually reduced over the preceding decades (i.e., 7.76 ± 0.62 m/y during the period 1999–2009 and 3.8 ± 0.7 m/y during the period 2009–2018). Nevertheless, ~65% of the total BIs experienced high erosion (>2 m/y), ~15% experienced moderate (<2 m/y), and ~20% experienced low erosion (<1 m/y) during the period 1989-2018. This situation implies that while ~65% of these BIs need immediate interventions from the concerned authorities, the 15% BIs with moderate erosion might experience high erosion in the wake of rising sea levels and decreasing sediment influx in the near future without proper measures. This depletion of the BIs might not only affect Pakistan but also have regional consequences due to their various services.

show abstract

Optimization of salinity intrusion control through freshwater and tidal inlet modifications for the Indus River Estuary

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Impact of Flood Mitigation Project on the River Water Salinity

Impact of Flood Mitigation Project on the River Water Salinity

Three Decades of Coastal Changes in Sindh, Pakistan (1989–2018): A Geospatial Assessment

Remote Sensing of Narrowing Barrier Islands along the Coast of Pakistan over Past 30 Years

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About