Optimization of reaction parameters for enzymatic glyceride synthesis from fish oil: Ethyl esters versus free fatty acids

Ravn, Helle Christine; Damstrup, Marianne; Meyer, Anne S.

doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2012.06.002

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…solutions to optimization problems(Myers, Montgomery, & Anderson-Cook, 2016;Ravn, Damstrup, & Meyer, 2012) requiring a minimum number of designed experimental runs, was employed. Specifically, a face-centered central composite rotational design (CCRD) was applied to evaluate the effects of the reaction variables and their interactions on multiple responses: glycerides removal, γ-oryzanol loss, as well as FFAs production, and to statistically model the factor-response relationships.…”

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Enzymatic pretreatment of rice bran acid oil before ?-oryzanol recovery

Yahya

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This study aims to apply enzymatic reactions for pretreating the major byproduct of rice bran oil (RBO) industry, rice bran acid oil (RBAO) before ?-oryzanol recovery. RBAO contains free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerides, and is rich in the super-antioxidant, ?-oryzanol. As a primary step to recover ?-oryzanol from RBAO, glycerides must be removed because of having similar polarity with ?-oryzanol. This study is conducted in two parts, hydrolysis and esterification/transesterification. In the first part, enzymatic hydrolysis. The study evaluates the performance of operating conditions using one factor at a time (OFAT) on the reaction time, temperature, lipase loading, water:RBAO ratio, and speed where glycerides removal and ?-oryzanol loss are measured as responses. From these, Face-centered central composite rotatable design (FCCD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables: time, temperature, and water:RBAO ratio, and their interactions on the responses: glyceride removal, ?-oryzanol loss, and FFAs production, and to determine the statistical models describing their relationships. In addition, by applying the desirability function approach, the optimal location was identified, corresponding to maximal glyceride removal with an imposed upper limit of 35% ?-oryzanol loss. Lastly, the last section is the confirmation of the validity of the model and at an established optimal condition of 22 h, 48.5 ?C and 1:1 water:RBAO ratio, confirmed the validity of the models: glyceride removal approached completion (99%), ?-oryzanol loss was as low as 32%, and the FFAs production was 7375%. Then the second part is enzymatic esterification/transesterification. First is to evaluate the performance of operating conditions using OFAT of ethanol to RBAO molar ratio, temperature, time of reaction, lipase loading, and speed on the glycerides removal, Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE/biodiesel), ?-oryzanol loss, and FFAs remaining. Two optimal conditions at 40?C, 3:1 and 5:1 mol ratio of ethanol to RBAO,10% of lipase loading,200 rpm, and 18 and 24 h reaction time, respectively with >98% glyceride removal. Then, the extraction of ?-oryzanol from FAEE using aqueous ethanolic NaOH is conducted and resultant that around 90% of ?-oryzanol can be extracted at 2M. As a primary step to recover ?-oryzanol from RBAO, glycerides must be removed by conversion into more easily separable components such as FFAs or FAEE. The results of this study demonstrated that enzymatic hydrolysis and esterification/transesterification are promising methods for glyceride removal prior to recovery of ?-oryzanol from RBAO and that the statistical models gave accurate predictions of responses and would be useful for further industrial design of the process also is environmentally friendly biocatalysts. Further modifications in the process may be needed to reduce the content of glycerides. Moreover, the losses of ?-oryzanol from these two methods are much better than the conventional method and are interesting to explore further.�

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Enzymatic pretreatment of rice bran acid oil before ?-oryzanol recovery

Yahya

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Synthesis of pinolenic acid‐enriched triacylglycerol from pine nut oil via a two‐step consecutive enzyme reaction: Comparison of acyl donors

Lee,

Park,

Kim

et al. 2024

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Pinolenic acid (PLA) is a plant‐origin Δ5‐unsaturated polymethylene‐interrupted fatty acid that provides several beneficial health effects to the human body. A two‐step lipase‐catalyzed reaction was carried out to synthesize PLA‐enriched triacylglycerol (TAG) with pine nut oil (PNO) in the present study. In the first step, PLA was efficiently enriched from an initial value of 15–43 mol% in ethyl ester of the reaction mixture after Lipozyme 435‐catalyzed ethanolysis with PNO. In the second step, PLA‐enriched TAG was efficiently synthesized with the fatty acid form via Lipozyme 435‐catalyzed esterification at all temperatures when both ethyl ester form and fatty acid form were compared as acyl donors. The effect of vacuum on the synthesis of PLA‐enriched TAG with glycerol and PLA‐enriched fatty acid was studied. The optimum temperature and vacuum were 60°C, and 50 mmHg, respectively. A maximum TAG conversion of approximately 95% was achieved after 12 h under the optimum conditions.

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Optimization of omega-3 enriched-diacylglycerol production by enzymatic esterification using a response surface methodology

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Food Sci Biotechnol

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Optimization of reaction parameters for enzymatic glyceride synthesis from fish oil: Ethyl esters versus free fatty acids

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Enzymatic pretreatment of rice bran acid oil before ?-oryzanol recovery

Enzymatic pretreatment of rice bran acid oil before ?-oryzanol recovery

Synthesis of pinolenic acid‐enriched triacylglycerol from pine nut oil via a two‐step consecutive enzyme reaction: Comparison of acyl donors

Optimization of omega-3 enriched-diacylglycerol production by enzymatic esterification using a response surface methodology

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