Optimization of Prussian Blue Coated NaDyF₄:x%Lu Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy

Abstract

wileyonlinelibrary.comconstruction of a new type of multifunctional nanomaterial will be conductive to the diagnosis and treatment integration.Lanthanide nanomaterials have been used extensively as multifunctional imaging probes because of their unique properties. [ 3 ] Due to dysprosium ion (Dy 3+ ) has high magnetic moment (10.6 µ B ) and short electronic relaxation time (≈0.5 ps) [ 4 ] , and lutetium ion (Lu 3+ ) have the heaviest atomic mass among the lanthanides, Dy and Lu-containing nanoparticle can be expected as a potential multifunctional contrast agent for T 2 -weighted MRI and CT imaging. Besides, Prussian blue (PB) is considered as a potential T 1 -weighted MRI agent and photo-induced heating material. However, both magnetic resonance and X-ray attenuation properties can be affected by crystallographic size and number of paramagnetic ions per particle. [ 5 ] Moreover, the therapeutic effect is infl uenced by the ratio of photo-induced heating material in nanocomposites. [ 6 ] Therefore, to utilize certain advantages and maximize imaging and therapy effects, a variety of factors of alternate materials should be considered and compared. However, a limited number of researches include various possibilities.Herein, we synthesized NaDyF 4 doped with different amounts of Lu 3+ ions (NaDyF 4 : x %Lu, x % = 0, 20%, 50%, 80%) via a typical solvothermal method. The T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance and X-ray attenuation properties were discussed to select NaDyF 4 core with an appropriate doping amount for T 2 -weighted MR and CT imaging. The infl uence of PB shell on T 1 -weighted MR and photothermal properties was investigated. Continued efforts have been directed toward treatment of tumor-bearing mice using the selected optimal nanocomposite to detect their therapeutic effi cacy, and their safety was also investigated ( Scheme 1 ). Results and Discussion Synthesis and Characterization of NaDyF 4 : x %LuOleic acid (OA)-coated NaDyF 4 : x %Lu ( x % = 0, 20%, 50%, 80%) nanoparticles ( Figure 1 a) were synthesized by a typical Imaging-guided photothermal therapy based on functional nanomaterials has recently received signifi cant attention and the selection of functional materials with optimal imaging and therapy effect is extremely important. In this work, NaDyF 4 -based nanoparticles with varying size are synthesized by doping with different amounts of lutetium ions. To obtain an optimized material, the infl uence factor of magnetic resonance, X-ray attenuation, and photothermal properties are discussed in detail. Then, NaDyF 4 :50%Lu@Prussian blue (PB) nanocomposite is selected as the optimal functional material for T 1 -and T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography, and photothermal imaging-guided photothermal therapy of tumor on a small animal model, and the treatment is applied with good results. Studies also suggest that the NaDyF 4 :50%Lu@PB nanocomposites are biocompatibile. The selection of an optimal material from a multi-perspective study has provided an incentive for the ...

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