Optimization of phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis using factorial design

Silveira, Silvana; Burkert, J. F. M.; Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira; Burkert, Carlos André Veiga; Kalil, Susana Juliano

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.050

Cited by 230 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Procurement and culturing of Spirulina maxima S. maxima was obtained from the Plant Physiology Laboratory of the Department of Biology (Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN) and was subsequently cultured in a photoreactor, adding the Zarrouk culture medium and a micronutrient solution as described by Silveira et al 26 …”

Section: Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

Gutiérrez-Rebolledo¹,

Galár-Martínez²,

García-Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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One of the major mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation is the excessive production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, and therefore, oxidative stress. Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima has marked antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory activity in certain experimental models, the latter activity being mediated probably by the antioxidant activity of this cyanobacterium. In the present study, chronic inflammation was induced through injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in rats treated daily with Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima for 2 weeks beginning on day 14. Joint diameter, body temperature, and motor capacity were assessed each week. On days 0 and 28, total and differential leukocyte counts and serum oxidative damage were determined, the latter by assessing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content. At the end of the study, oxidative damage to joints was likewise evaluated. Results show that S. maxima favors increased mobility, as well as body temperature regulation, and a number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes in specimens with CFA-induced chronic inflammation and also protects against oxidative damage in joint tissue as well as serum. In conclusion, the protection afforded by S. maxima against development of chronic inflammation is due to its antioxidant activity.

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Section: Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

Gutiérrez-Rebolledo¹,

Galár-Martínez²,

García-Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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“…It shows therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects, as well as anti-oxidant capacity (Romay et al 1998). Several methods have been used for the purification of Cphycocyanin, especially that from Spirulina, such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, membrane processes and different chromatographic methods (Minkova et al 2003;Silveira et al 2007;Chaiklahan et al 2011;Bermejo and Ramos 2012). C-phycocyanin with a purity of 0.7 is considered as food grade, 3.9 as reactive grade and above 3.9 as analytical grade (Herrera et al 1989;Rito-Palomares et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis in aqueous two-phase systems using an experimental design

Antelo

Costa

Kalil

2015

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis was purified in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/potassium phosphate, varying the molar mass of the PEG. Results using a full factorial design showed that an increase in the concentration of salt and decrease in the concentration of PEG caused an increment in the purification factor for all the ATPS studied. Optimization of the conditions of the purification was studied using a central composite rotatable design for each molar mass of PEG. The ATPS composed of 7% (w/w) PEG

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“…The extraction protocols are followed by spectrophotometric (Bennett & Bogorad, 1973, Sarada et al, 1999, liquid chromatographic, capillary (Viskari & Colyer, 2003) and gel electrophoretic (Soni et al, 2006), or single-step chromatographic analyses (Yan et al, 2010). Most studies have dealt with species originating from tropical or subtropical freshwater alkaline lakes (Spirulina platensis, Furuki et al, 2003;Silveira et al, 2007), salt water bodies (Oscillatoria quadripunctulata, Soni et al, 2006) or marine environments (Synechococcus sp., Yamanaka & Glazer, 1980), but there has been little investigation into PC extraction methods in fresh water (Marker et al, 1980;Patel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake

Horváth

Kovács

Riddick

et al. 2013

European Journal of Phycology

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Phycocyanin (PC) is one of the water-soluble accessory pigments of cyanobacteria species, and its concentration in aquatic systems is used to estimate the presence and relative abundance of blue-green algae. PC concentration and the PC/Chl-a ratio of four N 2 -fixing filamentous cyanobacteria strains (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaena spiroides, Aphanizomenon flosaquae and Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi) common to Lake Balaton (Hungary) were determined using repeated freezing and thawing. A strong linear correlation was found between the extracted PC and Chl-a concentrations for all strains at high Chl-a concentrations (almost stable PC/Chl-a ratio in the range of 20−100 µg l −1 Chl-a). Extraction of PC and Chl-a from samples with low biomass of cyanobacteria (less than 20 µg l −1 Chl-a) proved to be unreliable using the standard protocol of freeze-thaw cycles (coefficients of variation exceeding 10-15%). In order to find an extraction method that is robust in fresh waters characterized by low algae biomass (e.g. Lake Balaton), the effectiveness of four extraction methods (repeated freeze-thaw method and homogenization with mortar and pestle, Ultrasonic, and Polytron homogenizer) were compared using C. raciborskii. It was found that the efficiency of extraction of phycocyanin was highest when a single freeze-thaw cycle was followed by sonication (25% additional yield compared with using the freeze-thaw method alone). Applying this combined method to surface water samples of Lake Balaton, a strong correlation was found between PC concentration and cyanobacterial biomass (R 2 = 0.9436), whilst the repeated freezing-thawing method found no detectable PC content. Here we show that the combined sonication/freeze-thaw method could be suitable for measuring filamentous cyanobacteria PC content, even at low concentrations; as well as for the estimation of cyanobacterial contribution to total biomass in fresh waters.

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Optimization of phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis using factorial design

Cited by 230 publications

References 13 publications

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

Purification of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis in aqueous two-phase systems using an experimental design

Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake

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