Optimization of Natural Lipstick Formulation Based on Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Seed Oil Using D-Optimal Mixture Experimental Design

Abstract

Abstract:The D-optimal mixture experimental design was employed to optimize the melting point of natural lipstick based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil. The influence of the main lipstick components-pitaya seed oil (10%-25% w/w), virgin coconut oil (25%-45% w/w), beeswax (5%-25% w/w), candelilla wax (1%-5% w/w) and carnauba wax (1%-5% w/w)-were investigated with respect to the melting point properties of the lipstick formulation. The D-optimal mixture experimental design was applied to optimize the properties of lipstick by focusing on the melting point with respect to the above influencing components. The D-optimal mixture design analysis showed that the variation in the response (melting point) could be depicted as a quadratic function of the main components of the lipstick. The best combination of each significant factor determined by the D-optimal mixture design was established to be pitaya seed oil (25% w/w), virgin coconut oil (37% w/w), beeswax (17% w/w), candelilla wax (2% w/w) and carnauba wax (2% w/w). With respect to these factors, the 46.0 °C melting point property was observed OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2014, 19 16673 experimentally, similar to the theoretical prediction of 46.5 °C. Carnauba wax is the most influential factor on this response (melting point) with its function being with respect to heat endurance. The quadratic polynomial model sufficiently fit the experimental data.

Development of Water in Olive Oil (W/O) Nanoemulsions as Lipstick Base Formulation

“…The higher of melting point, the harder the preparation of lipstick [23], [25]. Stastistic analyses indicate adding water in both nanoemulsions and emulsions lipstick significantly change the melting point of lipstick compared to conventional lipstick except nanoemulsions lipstick with 8% water.…”

“…At highest water content (12%), nanoemulsions lipstick is harder than emulsions lipstick but both are not significantly different compared to conventional lipstick. The low hardness of lipstick causes easily broken, cannot maintain its shape and difficulty in application [23], [24].…”

Modeling of a natural lipstick formulation using an artificial neural network

“…(1-5%) (Kamairudin et al, 2014) while the melting point was the interested response as shown in Table 1.…”

Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy

“…Generally, phytoconstituents are used in the lip care at the macro-and microlevels such as coconut oil, curcumin, and other bioactive compounds that have increased protective activity. 120,121 Recently, plant betalains, a novel dietary-colored indolederived pigments, were efficiently used in the lip care products and the extraction of those compounds and their encapsulation enhances storage stability 122-124 and applications. Bixa orellana was used as a colorant for lip jelly and was found to have higher organoleptic lipstick properties.…”